Annual N<sub>2</sub>O and CH<sub>4</sub>emissions from intensively managed vegetable fields in Nanjing, China

Jia, Junxiang; Sun, Liying; Kong, Xueqin; Yan, Xiaoyuan; Xiong, Zhengqin

doi:10.1080/00380768.2011.644510

Cited by 31 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…High frequency measurements are necessary to overcome the current uncertainty of N 2 O estimates from vegetable systems and to accurately quantify the inhibition effects of NIs on N 2 O emissions1213. Overall N 2 O losses were low compared to emissions found in other intensive vegetable systems, where often extremely high N 2 O emissions (in excess of 20 kg N 2 O-N ha −1 yr −1 ) have been reported61415. The substantially lower N 2 O emissions can mainly be attributed to the lower fertiliser N application rates used in our study.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nitrification inhibitors can increase post-harvest nitrous oxide emissions in an intensive vegetable production system

Scheer

Rowlings

Firrell³

et al. 2017

Sci Rep

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To investigate the effect of nitrification inhibitors (NIs) 3,4-dimethylpyrazole phosphate (DMPP) and 3-methylpyrazole 1,2,4-triazole (3MP + TZ), on N2O emissions and yield from a typical vegetable rotation in sub-tropical Australia we monitored soil N2O fluxes continuously over an entire year using an automated greenhouse gas measurement system. The temporal variation of N2O fluxes showed only low emissions over the vegetable cropping phases, but significantly higher emissions were observed post-harvest accounting for 50–70% of the annual emissions. NIs reduced N2O emissions by 20–60% over the vegetable cropping phases; however, this mitigation was offset by elevated N2O emissions from the NIs treatments over the post-harvest fallow period. Annual N2O emissions from the conventional fertiliser, the DMPP treatment, and the 3MP + TZ treatment were 1.3, 1.1 and 1.6 (sem = 0.2) kg-N ha−1 year−1, respectively. This study highlights that the use of NIs in vegetable systems can lead to elevated N2O emissions by storing N in the soil profile that is available to soil microbes during the decomposition of the vegetable residues. Hence the use of NIs in vegetable systems has to be treated carefully and fertiliser rates need to be adjusted to avoid an oversupply of N during the post-harvest phase.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nitrification inhibitors can increase post-harvest nitrous oxide emissions in an intensive vegetable production system

Scheer

Rowlings

Firrell³

et al. 2017

Sci Rep

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“…On average, the emission factors from treatments without biochar amounted to 5.7 times those from treatments with biochar application. N 2 O emissions are mainly associated with chemical N fertilizers and manure as compared to control (Table 3), which are often applied in excess and not fully absorbed by the crop plants in intensive vegetable production (Jia et al 2012b). Manure would be applied to reduce chemical N fertilizer and improve soil quality in intensive vegetable production (Jia et al 2012a).…”

Section: N 2 O-n Emission Factor and Vegetable Yieldmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Vegetable fields received 17% of the total N fertilizer and contributed an estimated 20% in the 1990s (Zheng et al 2004) and 21% in 2009 (Wang et al 2011a) of the national direct N 2 O emissions in mainland China. However, information is limited on the effects of biochar amendment on N 2 O and CH 4 emissions in vegetable production (Jia et al 2012b). Thus, a pot experiment was conducted with choy sum (Brassica rapa L. ssp.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of biochar application on vegetable production and emissions of N₂O and CH₄

Jia

Chen

et al. 2012

Soil Science and Plant Nutrition

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A pot experiment was performed to estimate the effect of maize (Zea mays L.) straw biochar application on nitrous oxide (N 2 O) and methane (CH 4 ) emissions, N 2 O emission factors and vegetable yield through cultivation of choy sum (Brassica rapa L. ssp. chinensis) and amaranth (Amaranthus mangostanus L.) for 99 days in 2011 at Nanjing, China. Eight treatments were established as follows: control (CK), 100% urea nitrogen (N) (Urea), urea and manure N at 5:5 (UM1) or 7:3 (UM2) combination, biochar incorporation with urea at 20 Mg ha À1 (UB1) or 40 Mg ha À1 (UB2) and biochar incorporation at 30 Mg ha À1 with UM1 (UM1B) or UM2 (UM2B). UB1, UB2, UM1B and UM2B significantly decreased N 2 O emission by 77% to 86%, while UM1 and UM2 did not show significant N 2 O emission difference in comparison with Urea. CH 4 emissions were not affected by biochar amendment or manure application. On average, UM1B and UM2B significantly enhanced vegetable production by 32, 48 and 28% as compared to Urea, average UM1/UM2 and average UB1/UB2, respectively. N 2 O-N emission factors with biochar application were 0.4-0.7%, while those without biochar being 2.5-3.2%. Comprehensively considering vegetable yield, N 2 O emission, CH 4 emission and N 2 O-N emission factor, the most effective combination in this study was biochar at 30 Mg ha À1 when applied with chemical N fertilizer and manure. In conclusion, biochar application greatly reduced N 2 O emissions and N 2 O-N emission factors while maintaining vegetable production.

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“…Excessive N has led to a series of environmental problems and destroyed the balance and health of ecosystems ( Van der Heijden et al 2000;Matson et al 2002;Mo et al 2008). For example, N additions can interact with elevated carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) (Schimel, 1995;Bragazza et al 2006), increase nitrous oxide (N 2 O) emissions (Jia et al 2012b), lead to ammonia (NH 3 ) volatilization (Battye et al 2003) and losses of nitrate (NO 3 -) (Fang et al 2009), change the carbon (C) and N cycles of forest ecosystems , affect microbial activities (Kolb et al 2009) and provide N to crops (Liu et al 2013). Many studies have currently demonstrated the effects of N addition, including atmospheric N deposition and the application of N fertilizers, on N 2 O, CO 2 and NH 3 emissions from cropland, forest and grassland ecosystem soils (Dormann and Woodin 2002;Xiong et al 2002;Galloway et al 2004;Xiong et al 2007).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Combined effects of nitrogen deposition and biochar application on emissions of N₂O, CO₂and NH₃from agricultural and forest soils

Sun

Chen

et al. 2014

Soil Science and Plant Nutrition

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Both nitrogen (N) deposition and biochar can affect the emissions of nitrous oxide (N 2 O), carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) and ammonia (NH 3 ) from different soils. Here, we have established a simulated wet N deposition experiment to investigate the effects of N deposition and biochar addition on N 2 O and CO 2 emissions and NH 3 volatilization from agricultural and forest soils. Repacked soil columns were subjected to six N deposition events over a 1-year period. N was applied at rates of 0 (N0), 60 (N60), and 120 (N120) kg Nh a −1 yr −1 without or with biochar (0 and 30 t ha). For agricultural soil, adding N increased cumulative N 2 O emissions by 29.8% and 99.1% (p < 0.05) from the N60 and N120 treatments, respectively as compared to without N treatments, and N120 emitted 53.4% more (p < 0.05) N 2 O than the N60 treatment; NH 3 volatilization increased by 33.6% and 91.9% (p < 0.05) from the N60 and N120 treatments, respectively, as compared to without N treatments, and N120 emitted 43.6% more (p < 0.05) NH 3 than N60; cumulative CO 2 emissions were not influenced by N addition. For forest soil, adding N significantly increased cumulative N 2 O emissions by 141.2% (p < 0.05) and 323.0% (p < 0.05) from N60 and N120 treatments, respectively, as compared to without N treatments, and N120 emitted 75.4% more (p < 0.05) N 2 O than N60; NH 3 volatilization increased by 39.0% (p < 0.05) and 56.1% (p < 0.05) from the N60 and N120 treatments, respectively, as compared to without N treatments, and there was no obvious difference between N120 and N60 treatments; cumulative CO 2 emissions were not influenced by N addition. Biochar amendment significantly (p < 0.05) decreased cumulative N 2 O emissions by 20.2% and 25.5% from agricultural and forest soils, respectively, and increased CO 2 emissions slightly by 7.2% and NH 3 volatilization obviously by 21.0% in the agricultural soil, while significantly decreasing CO 2 emissions by 31.5% and NH 3 volatilization by 22.5% in the forest soil. These results suggest that N deposition would strengthen N 2 O and NH 3 emissions and have no effect on CO 2 emissions in both soils, and treatments receiving the higher N rate at N120 emitted obviously more N 2 O and NH 3 than the lower rate at N60. Under the simulated N deposition circumstances, biochar incorporation suppressed N 2 O emissions in both soils, and produced contrasting effects on CO 2 and NH 3 emissions, being enhanced in the agricultural soil while suppressed in the forest soil.

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Annual N₂O and CH₄emissions from intensively managed vegetable fields in Nanjing, China

Cited by 31 publications

References 40 publications

Nitrification inhibitors can increase post-harvest nitrous oxide emissions in an intensive vegetable production system

Nitrification inhibitors can increase post-harvest nitrous oxide emissions in an intensive vegetable production system

Effects of biochar application on vegetable production and emissions of N₂O and CH₄

Combined effects of nitrogen deposition and biochar application on emissions of N₂O, CO₂and NH₃from agricultural and forest soils

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Annual N2O and CH4emissions from intensively managed vegetable fields in Nanjing, China

Cited by 31 publications

References 40 publications

Nitrification inhibitors can increase post-harvest nitrous oxide emissions in an intensive vegetable production system

Nitrification inhibitors can increase post-harvest nitrous oxide emissions in an intensive vegetable production system

Effects of biochar application on vegetable production and emissions of N2O and CH4

Combined effects of nitrogen deposition and biochar application on emissions of N2O, CO2and NH3from agricultural and forest soils

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Product

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Annual N₂O and CH₄emissions from intensively managed vegetable fields in Nanjing, China

Effects of biochar application on vegetable production and emissions of N₂O and CH₄

Combined effects of nitrogen deposition and biochar application on emissions of N₂O, CO₂and NH₃from agricultural and forest soils