Anterior limb of the internal capsule in schizotypal personality disorder: Fiber-tract counting, volume, and anisotropy

Hazlett, Erin A.; Collazo, Tyson; Zelmanova, Yuliya; Entis, Jonathan J.; Chu, King-Wai; Goldstein, Kim E.; Roussos, Panos; Haznedar, M. Mehmet; Koenigsberg, Harold W.; New, Antonia S.; Buchsbaum, Monte S.; Hershowitz, Julian P.; Siever, Larry J.; Byne, William

doi:10.1016/j.schres.2012.08.022

Cited by 23 publications

(13 citation statements)

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“…Our group recently examined the integrity of the anterior limb of the internal capsule (ALIC) which carries fibers between the thalamus and frontal lobe in patients with SPD. We found decreased volumes of the mid-ventral portion of the ALIC in SPD patients compared to controls; and, fewer fiber tracts in the dorsal portion of the ALIC terminating in BA10 but not BA45; and fewer dorsal-ALIC fibers correlated with greater severity of SPD symptomatology [73]. …”

Section: Neurobiological Studies: Structural and Neurochemical Findingsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Schizotypal Personality Disorder: A Current Review

Rosell

Futterman

McMaster

et al. 2014

Curr Psychiatry Rep

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124

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The study of schizotypal personality disorder (SPD) is important clinically, as it is understudied, challenging to treat, often under-recognized or misdiagnosed, and associated with significant functional impairment. SPD also represents an intermediate schizophrenia-spectrum phenotype, and therefore, can provide a better understanding of the genetics, pathogenesis, and treatment of related psychotic illnesses. In this review we discuss recent findings of SPD related to epidemiology and functional impairment; heritability and genetics; working memory and cognitive impairments; social-affective disturbances; and neurobiology. Additionally, we examine the challenges associated with treating patients with SPD, as well as clinical recommendations. Finally, we address future directions and areas in need of further exploration.

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Section: Neurobiological Studies: Structural and Neurochemical Findingsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Schizotypal Personality Disorder: A Current Review

Rosell

Futterman

McMaster

et al. 2014

Curr Psychiatry Rep

Self Cite

124

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“…Based on the notion that serotonin-dependent neurotrophic growth factors affect WM integrity measures (Martinowich and Lu, 2007 ), our own studies previously found FA reductions following ELS in the anterior limb of the internal capsule (ALIC), which lies in key circuitry connecting the temporal and frontal regions of the brain (Cannistraro et al, 2007 ; Zou et al, 2008 ). Although the uncinate fasciculus has featured prominently in studies of childhood maltreatment (Huang et al, 2012 ), and the fornix is closely related to the hippocampus (Kubicki et al, 2005 ), the ALIC shows decreased FA in neurodevelopmental disorders such as schizophrenia (Kubicki et al, 2005 ) and schizotypal personality disorders (Hazlett et al, 2012 ). Decreased FA of the ALIC has also been identified as a plausible link between type II diabetes and major depressive disorder (Zhang et al, 2013 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Elevated cerebrospinal fluid 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid in macaques following early life stress and inverse association with hippocampal volume: preliminary implications for serotonin-related function in mood and anxiety disorders

Coplan¹,

Fulton²,

Reiner³

et al. 2014

Front. Behav. Neurosci.

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Background: Early life stress (ELS) is cited as a risk for mood and anxiety disorders, potentially through altered serotonin neurotransmission. We examined the effects of ELS, utilizing the variable foraging demand (VFD) macaque model, on adolescent monoamine metabolites. We sought to replicate an increase in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA) observed in two previous VFD cohorts. We hypothesized that elevated cisternal 5-HIAA was associated with reduced neurotrophic effects, conceivably due to excessive negative feedback at somatodendritic 5-HT1A autoreceptors. A putatively decreased serotonin neurotransmission would be reflected by reductions in hippocampal volume and white matter (WM) fractional anisotropy (FA).Methods: When infants were 2–6 months of age, bonnet macaque mothers were exposed to VFD. We employed cisternal CSF taps to measure monoamine metabolites in VFD (N = 22) and non-VFD (N = 14) offspring (mean age = 2.61 years). Metabolites were correlated with hippocampal volume obtained by MRI and WM FA by diffusion tensor imaging in young adulthood in 17 males [10 VFD (mean age = 4.57 years)].Results: VFD subjects exhibited increased CSF 5-HIAA compared to non-VFD controls. An inverse correlation between right hippocampal volume and 5-HIAA was noted in VFD- but not controls. CSF HVA and MHPG correlated inversely with hippocampal volume only in VFD. CSF 5-HIAA correlated inversely with FA of the WM tracts of the anterior limb of the internal capsule (ALIC) only in VFD.Conclusions: Elevated cisternal 5-HIAA in VFD may reflect increased dorsal raphe serotonin, potentially inducing excessive autoreceptor activation, inducing a putative serotonin deficit in terminal fields. Resultant reductions in neurotrophic activity are reflected by smaller right hippocampal volume. Convergent evidence of reduced neurotrophic activity in association with high CSF 5-HIAA in VFD was reflected by reduced FA of the ALIC.

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“…Additionally, Hypergyria in schizophrenia spectrum deviated gyrification patterns in the bilateral temporoparietal regions corresponding to the altered OFC patterns, which were specific to the schizophrenia group, might reflect disturbed structural connectivity in many nerve bundles, connecting OFC with temporoparietal cortices. Furthermore, results from diffusion tensor imaging 52,53 and functional MRI 54,55 studies have generally suggested frontal disconnectivity and its role in the clinical characteristics (e.g., cognitive deficits) of schizotypal patients. However, although we found no significant correlation between the LGI and illness duration, the first-episode schizophrenia subgroup showed a hypergyrification in broader areas than the chronic schizophrenia subgroup, implicating the potential confounding effects of illness chronicity 25 and long-term medication on gyrification index values.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

S178. Altered Gyrification in the Schizophrenia Spectrum

Sasabayashi

Takayanagi

Takahashi

et al. 2018

Schizophrenia Bulletin

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BackgroundIncreased gyrification in diverse cortical areas has been reported in patients with schizophrenia, which is considered to reflect deviations in early neurodevelopment. Schizotypal personality disorder (SPD) is thought to be a prototypic disorder within the schizophrenia spectrum, which shares biological and psychological commonalities with schizophrenia as a neurobiological basis for vulnerability factors. However, to the best of our knowledge, no magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies have investigated the gyrification pattern in SPD.MethodsT1-weighted structural MRI scans were obtained by 1.5-T scanner from 101 patients with schizophrenia, 46 patients with SPD, and 77 age- and gender- matched healthy control subjects. Using FreeSurfer software (version 5.3.), the local gyrification indices (LGIs) of entire cortex were obtained with the method of Schaer and colleagues. Clinical symptoms of the patients were rated with the Scale for the Assessment of Positive Symptoms (SAPS) and the Scale for the Assessment of Negative Symptoms (SANS) at the time of scanning. A general linear model controlling for age, gender, medication dose, and duration of medication was used to compare the LGIs across the groups and to conduct vertex-by-vertex whole brain LGI correlation analyses with clinical variables. This study was approved by the Committee on the Medical Ethics of Toyama University based on the declaration of Helsinki. After a complete description of the study was provided, written informed consent was obtained from all subjects.ResultsCompared with the controls, the patients with schizophrenia showed significantly higher LGI in widespread cortical areas including the bilateral frontal, parietal, and occipital regions. The patients with SPD demonstrated significantly higher LGI in the bilateral frontal and left parietal regions compared with the controls. Compared with the patients with SPD, the patients with schizophrenia showed significantly higher LGI in the left occipital and right frontal regions. Both SAPS and SANS total scores were positively correlated with LGI in the bilateral temporal regions in patients with schizophrenia, and were negatively correlated with LGI in the bilateral occipital regions in patients with SPD.DiscussionIncreased LGI in the bilateral frontal regions may be the common morphological substrates for the schizophrenia spectrum, possibly representing vulnerability to schizophrenia. In addition, increased LGI in the left occipital and right frontal regions preferentially observed in schizophrenia may have a critical role in manifestation of florid psychotic symptoms.

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Anterior limb of the internal capsule in schizotypal personality disorder: Fiber-tract counting, volume, and anisotropy

Cited by 23 publications

References 63 publications

Schizotypal Personality Disorder: A Current Review

Schizotypal Personality Disorder: A Current Review

Elevated cerebrospinal fluid 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid in macaques following early life stress and inverse association with hippocampal volume: preliminary implications for serotonin-related function in mood and anxiety disorders

S178. Altered Gyrification in the Schizophrenia Spectrum

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