Anthelmintic Activity of Crude Extract and Essential Oil ofTanacetum vulgare(Asteraceae) against Adult Worms ofSchistosoma mansoni

Abstract

Schistosomiasis, a parasitic disease caused by trematode flatworms of the genus Schistosoma, affects more than 200 million people worldwide, and its control is dependent on a single drug, praziquantel. Tanacetum vulgare (Asteraceae) is used in folk medicine as a vermifuge. This study aimed to investigate the in vitro schistosomicidal activity of the crude extract (TV) and the essential oil (TV-EO) from the aerial parts of T. vulgare. TV-EO was obtained by hydrodistillation and analyzed by GC/MS, which allowed the identification of β-thujone (84.13%) as the major constituent. TV and TV-EO, at 200 μg/mL, decreased motor activity and caused 100% mortality of all adult worms. At 100 and 50 μg/mL, only TV caused death of all adult worms, while TV-EO was inactive. TV (200 μg/mL) was also able to reduce viability and decrease production of developed eggs. Confocal laser scanning microscopy showed morphological alterations in the tegument of the S. mansoni surface after incubation with TV (50 and 100 μg/mL). Quantitative analysis on the schistosomes tegument showed that TV caused changes in the numbers of tubercles of S. mansoni male worms in a dose-dependent manner. The findings suggest that T. vulgare is a potential source of schistosomicidal compounds.

Chemical composition and biological activity of Tanacetum audibertii (Req.) DC. (Asteraceae), an endemic species of Sardinia Island, Italy

“…Especially Tanacetum parthenium (L.) Schultz Bip (feverfew) is a known remedy for the treatment of various diseases, including arthritis, fever, vertigo, migraine, menstrual disorders, stomach-ache, toothache, insect bites and psoriasis (Ernst and Pittler, 2000). According to recent studies, essential oils and extracts of Tanacetum genus exhibit anti-inflammatory (Brown et al, 1997;Ghantous et al, 2013;Mordujovich-Buschiazzo et al, 1996;Park et al, 2011;Sur et al, 2009), anticancer (Ghantous et al, 2013), antibacterial (Habibi et al, 2009;Hethelyi et al, 1991;Holopainen and Kauppinen, 1989;Mohsenzadeh et al, 2011), antiviral (Onozato et al, 2009), antifungal (Hethelyi et al, 1991), antihelmintic (Godinho et al, 2014), insecticidal (Hough-Golstein and Hahn, 1992;Nottingham et al, 1991;Panasiuk, 1984;Schearer, 1984;Suomi et al, 1986) and antiprotozoal effects (Izumi et al, 2008;Tiuman et al, 2005). Many studies have been reported on the essential oil composition of various Tanacetum species (El-Shazly et al, 2002;Goren et al, 2001;Greche et al, 2000;Judzentiene and Mockute, 2005;Kandemir et al, 2008;MajedJabari et al, 2002;Marongiu et al, 2009;Mockute and Judzentiene, 2004;Monfared et al, 2002;Piras et al, 2014;Polatoglu et al, 2011;Rohloff et al, 2004;Weyerstahl et al, 1999) and camphor, 1,8-cineole, ␣-thujone, carv...…”

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“…[7,6,19,[21][22][23][24] Results of the further PASS-analysis of the main biologically active substances (BAS) of the chosen medicinal plants are given in Table 2. [1,6,20] Mechanism of anthelminthic action of the main BAS [6,7,23,25] is given in Table 3. …”

Ultrastructural study of morphological changes in Schistosoma mansoni after in vitro exposure to the monoterpene rotundifolone

“…Additionally, as the lipophilic compounds present in essential oils can pass through the cell wall, integument, and cytoplasmic membrane, they may damage the structure of the cellular membranes during their passage, which may cause cellular lysis 32,33 . Regarding their biological properties, some of the activities of essential oils are associated with loss of ions and reduction of membrane potential, as well as collapse of the proton pump and depletion of the ATP pool 34,35 .…”