Anther cultures of tetraploid Solanum genotypes?the influence of gelling agents and correlations between incubation temperature and pollen germination temperature

Abstract

Four tetraploid potato genotypes (194.10, 199.13, 201.5, 201.12) were examined in anther culture. The androgenic responses were in general high. Cv. 199.13 contributed with the best response, varying between 0.38 and 0.55 embryoids per anther. Gellan gum or potato starch were used as gelling agents in a double-layer medium. Anthers incubated on potato starch gave a higher embryo yield in the beginning of the culture period, compared to anthers cultivated on gellan gum. The number ofembryoids per anther, however, was higher on gellan gum at the end of the culture period. Anther cultures of potato were incubated in two different temperatures (20 °C and 25 °C), and the highest embryo yield was obtained in 25 °C except for genotype 201.12 where no difference was found between the two temperatures. Experiments with pollen germination in various temperatures (10 °C and 20 °C) were correlated to anther culture experiments. Also in case of pollen germination, genotype 201.12 was temperatureindependent, while germination was stimulated by higher temperatures in the other genotypes.

The effect of starch and ineubation temperature in anther culture of potato

“…In experiments performed by Calleberg et al (1989), 3% potato starch was used as the gelatinizing agent. Embryo production was then significantly higher in potato starch compared to Gelrite at the beginning of the culture period.…”

“…However, after additional culture time, the em- bryo frequency in the medium with Gelrite was significantly higher. A plausible explanation of the latter may be an enzymatic breakdown of starch (Sorvari 1986a), which, according to Calleberg et al (1989), resulted in a release of activated charcoal and residues of starch into the liquid phase of the culture media. The starch breakdown products as well as the presence of unbound activated charcoal probably diminished the availability of oxygen as well as light in the culture, and, as a result, embryo production was hampered.…”

“…By combining barley starch with maltose, Kuhlmann & Foroughi-Wehr (1989) optimized the procedure for barley anther culture to such an extent that it may be used economically. Calleberg et al (1989) demonstrated increased embryo production when using potato starch as a gelatinizing agent in anther cultures of potato. Additionally, corn starch was used in tissue culture of tobacco and carrot and an increasing growth rate was seen (Henderson & Kinersley 1988).…”

Low temperature tolerance of biomass and pollen germination in potato clones of Andean and European origin

“…One of the wells was then incubated at 10°C for 5 h and the other at 25 ° C for 14 min followed by 20 ° C for 2.5 h. Each well contained 0.5 ml of germination medium, composed of 12.5% sucrose, 70 mg/1H2BO3, 15 mg/1 Ca(NO3)2,100 mg/l MgSO4, and 170 mg/l KH2PO4 (cf. Calleberg et al, 1989). The pH was adjusted to 5.55 (+ 0.05).…”

The influence of culture conditions on anther culture response of commercial varieties of Solanum tuberosum L.

“…In his experiments, 19 of 20 tetraploid clones produced embryoids on a double layer media (Johansson 1986). Scholz (1988) and Calleberg et al (1989) have also obtained dihaploid plants from six different tetraploid S. tuberosum genotypes.…”