The influence of culture conditions on anther culture response of commercial varieties of Solanum tuberosum L.

Abstract

The effect of media manipulations, temperature pretreatment, carbohydrate source, and seasonal variation on tetraploid potato anther cultures was investigated. The anther culture responses of three commercial Nordic potato varieties from Scandinavia and two from Germany were compared on different media manipulations. With most of the varieties, solid MS media gave better yields than other published media manipulations. Pretreatments at +6 °C and at +30 °C were studied on Pito and Danva varieties. The +6°C pretreatment and no pretreatment had the same effect on the anther culture response of cv. Pito, while with cv. Danva pretreatment at +6 °C promoted embryogenesis. The +30 °C pretreatment had no positive effect on anther culture response on either cultivar. The effect of maltose, melibiose and mannitol individually and in combination with sucrose were compared to normal sucrose medium in cv. Pito anther cultures. Anthers incubated on normal sucrose medium gave the highest embryoid and plant yields; the second highest plant yields were obtained on pure maltose medium. Strong seasonal variation was observed throughout the year in cv. Pito anther cultures. The percentage of anthers producing embryoids ranged from 15-20% during September and October to just 1-3% from February through May. The annual average embryoid production rate was 6.18%.

Plant biotechnology for deeper understanding, wider use and further development of agricultural and horticultural crops

“…Reduction of ploidy to the dihaploid level (2n = 2x = 24) is needed for detection of phenotypes that are masked in the tetraploid cultivars and also for crosses with many diploid (2n = 2x = 24) wild potato species (Watanabe et al 1995). Therefore, anther culture-based haploid production from commercial potato cultivars was studied and developed (Tiainen 1992, Rokka et al 1996a). The dihaploid potato lines were electrofused to obtain putative new cultivars (Rokka et al 1996b).…”

Comparison of media for their aptitude in wheat anther culture

“…The effect of maltose seemed specific since its use inhibited androgenesis in some species (Roberts-Oehlschlager et al 1990;Tiainen 1992). Experiments on cereals generally showed an increase in embryo induction or an improvement in embryo development and green plant regeneration by the use of maltose instead of sucrose (Kuhlmann & Foroughi-Wehr 1989;Orshinsky et al 1990;Zhou et al 1991).…”

Influence of 2,4-d and lactose on pollen embryogenesis in anther culture of potato

“…Auxins, particularly 2,4-D, are known to enhance sucrose catabolism (Wort, 1964). The callogenic effect of 2,4-D in anthers cultured on sucrose has been shown in a number of species (Mix, 1983;Babbar and Gupta, 1986;Orshinsky et al, 1990;Tiainen, 1992). An increase of malate content in vacuoles several hours after 2,4-D treatment has been observed in cultured cells ofAcerpseudoplatanus (Kurkdjian et al, 1982).…”

“…In normal sucrose-containing media callus initiation requires the presence of 2,4-D (Mix, 1983;Tiainen, 1992) while auxin-lacking media (Veilleux et al, 1985;Batty and Dunwe11, 1989;Tiainen, 1992) or media with a low concentration (0.1 mg 1-1) ofIAA (Tiainen, 1992) are usually used for induction of pollen embryogenesis. In normal sucrose-containing media callus initiation requires the presence of 2,4-D (Mix, 1983;Tiainen, 1992) while auxin-lacking media (Veilleux et al, 1985;Batty and Dunwe11, 1989;Tiainen, 1992) or media with a low concentration (0.1 mg 1-1) ofIAA (Tiainen, 1992) are usually used for induction of pollen embryogenesis.…”

“…The callogenic effect of 2,4-D in anthers cultured on sucrose has been shown in a number of species (Mix, 1983;Babbar and Gupta, 1986;Orshinsky et al, 1990;Tiainen, 1992). Similarly, manipulation of auxinfree media for potato anthers showed the superiority of sucrose over maltose in supporting embryo production (Batty and Dunwell, 1989;Tiainen, 1992). This diglucoside is probably utilized in glycolysis at a much slower rate than sucrose and its use instead of sucrose in auxin containing media resulted in higher rates of embryo production in petunia (Raquin, 1983), barley (Finnie et al, 1989;Tiwari and Rahimbaev, 1962), wheat (Orshinsky et al, 1990;) and rye (Flehinghaus et al, 1991).…”