Anthropogenic contribution of magnetic particulates in urban roadside dust

Kim, Wonnyon; Doh, Seong Jae; Yu, Yongjae

doi:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2009.02.056

Cited by 78 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…These particles are typical of industrial emissions that involve the burning of fossil fuels (Flanders, 1994) and are reported in several studies (e.g. Gomes et al, 2008;Kim et al, 2009;Magiera et al, 2008;Maher, 2011;Spiteri et al, 2005;Yan et al, 2011;Yang et al, 2011). Atmospheric deposition of fly ash on land surfaces and vegetation cover leads to an enhanced magnetic signal (e.g.…”

Section: Magnetic and Sem/eds Analysesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Magnetic, geochemical and pedological characterisation of soil profiles from different environments and geological backgrounds near Coimbra, Portugal

et al. 2014

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This study presents an application of environmental magnetism techniques for the characterisation of the soils near Coimbra (central Portugal). Magnetic measurements, scanning electron microscopy and geochemical studies were carried out on samples collected in 6 soil profiles in order to find possible relationships and to interpret environmental implications. Magnetic susceptibility, saturation isothermal remanent magnetisation and isothermal remanent magnetisation at the backfield of 100 mT and 300 mT were measured. HardIRM %, SIRM/χ and S-ratios were also calculated. Polluted soils showed higher values of magnetic parameters in the superficial soil horizons closer to the roads, plants and urban areas. The lowest values were observed in the deeper horizons of the soil and in the areas least disturbed by human activity. The magnetic results also suggested that the magnetic signal of these soils is mainly influenced by ferrimagnetic magnetite-like minerals and with only a minor contribution from antiferromagnetic carriers (such as hematite minerals). In unpolluted soils, lithogenic contribution is reflected by the enhancement of magnetic susceptibility near parental rock material. Scanning electron microscope images of the topsoil samples revealed the presence of magnetic spherules typical of vehicular exhaust and combustion processes. This evidence suggests that the atmospheric deposition of fly ash is the main reason for the enhancement of the magnetic signal in the topsoil. Chemical analyses showed that the concentration of various heavy metals was higher than the mean background values for Portuguese soils, and higher in superficial soils. Heavy metals showed significant positive correlation with magnetic properties. The conclusions highlight the importance of using environmental magnetism methods and techniques in the evaluation process of soil evolution and pollution history throughout time.

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Section: Magnetic and Sem/eds Analysesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Magnetic, geochemical and pedological characterisation of soil profiles from different environments and geological backgrounds near Coimbra, Portugal

et al. 2014

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“…Relatively elevated concentrations of magnetic particles, derived from industrial emissions, vehicle exhausts and abrasion products, can lead to stronger magnetic signals in materials into which they are incorporated [Thompson and Oldfield, 1986;Maher and Thompson, 1999;Evans and Heller, 2003]. So far, the magnetic properties of urban aerosols, dusts, soils and tree leaves have been examined to monitor urban pollution worldwide [e.g., Shu et al, 2001;Muxworthy et al, 2002;Hanesch et al, 2003;Lu and Bai, 2008;Maher et al, 2008;Szönyi et al, 2008;Kim et al, 2009;Sagnotti et al, 2009]. Particles emitted from subway systems contain abundant iron metal or iron oxides [Sitzmann et al, 1999;Chillrud et al, 2004;Salma et al, 2007;Kang et al, 2008], with strong magnetic signatures [Thompson and Oldfield, 1986;Dunlop and Özdemir, 1997]; therefore, it is expected that magnetic measurements may be well suited to the study of subway dust pollution.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Magnetic and geochemical characterization of iron pollution in subway dusts in Shanghai, China

Zhang

Jiang

Dong

et al. 2011

Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst.

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[1] Dust samples collected from subway platforms in Shanghai, China, have been examined using magnetic measurements and geochemical analysis. Our results indicate that the Shanghai subway platform dusts have extremely strong magnetic signatures. These results, combined with X-ray diffraction analysis and scanning and transmission electron microscope examinations, indicate that the magnetic mineralogy of the dust is dominated by iron scraps due to wheel-rail mechanical abrasion and spherules rich in magnetite from fossil fuel combustion. Although the magnetic particles are primarily micrometer sized, fine submicron magnetic grains are also evident in the dust. The underground platform dusts have a much higher iron flake abundance and magnetic susceptibility than those from aboveground platforms because the latter ones are diluted by inputs of magnetically weaker ambient aerosols with a higher proportion of magnetite spherules. Geochemical analysis indicates that underground platform dusts have elevated Fe and Mn, but lower Al and Ti contents relative to aboveground subway dust. This is consistent with the closed nature of underground platforms, which therefore reduces exposure to soil-derived dust. Since the adverse environmental effects of subway particles may be linked to higher contents of iron and other metals, our results demonstrate that magnetic measurements provide a novel and effective approach for characterizing iron mineralogy and grain size in subway dusts.

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“…6) are typical of emissions that involve the burning of fossil fuels (Flanders 1994) and have been reported in several studies (e.g. Gomes et al 2008;Kim et al 2009;Lourenço et al 2014;Maher 2011;Wang et al 2014;Yan et al 2011;Yang et al 2011). A variability in the surface morphology was detected from smooth faces (Fig.…”

Section: Trophic Group Familymentioning

confidence: 84%

Relation between magnetic parameters and nematode abundance in agricultural soils of Portugal—a multidisciplinary study in the scope of environmental magnetism

Lourenço

Esteves

Rocha

et al. 2015

Environ Monit Assess

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Soil is composed of different types of particles which are either natural or of anthropogenic origin. Anthropogenic particles are often related to the presence of heavy metals and thus provide information on soil quality. Magnetic parameters can detect the presence of such particles and may be used as a proxy for environmental pollution. This study explores the relationships between magnetic particles and the nematofauna of agricultural soils. Magnetic, pedological, microscopy and nematological analyses were conducted in soils collected from major regions of potato production in Portugal. The magnetic characterisation of soils identified regions with magnetic particles with possible anthropogenic origin. Microscopy analysis revealed the presence of spherical particles dominantly composed of Fe, O and C. A positive and significant relationship was found between saturation isothermal remanent magnetisation (SIRM) and mass-specific susceptibility (χ), confirming the importance the ferrimagnetic fraction to magnetic properties. The nematode communities were composed of nematodes belonging to four trophic groups (bacterial feeding, plant feeders, fungal feeders and omnivores/predators). The relationships between magnetic parameters and the nematodes showed that (1) S −25 has a linear correlation with number of nematodes per kilogram of soil and with plant feeders' trophic group and (2) SIRM correlates with the bacterial feeders trophic group. This study reveals that magnetic proxies may provide means for detecting regions with higher levels of pollution, possibly related to heavy metals. Due to the large background variability found in magnetic parameters, the sampling spacial mesh should to be further refined and the input of magnetic minerals needs to be locally calibrated.

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Anthropogenic contribution of magnetic particulates in urban roadside dust

Cited by 78 publications

References 32 publications

Magnetic, geochemical and pedological characterisation of soil profiles from different environments and geological backgrounds near Coimbra, Portugal

Magnetic, geochemical and pedological characterisation of soil profiles from different environments and geological backgrounds near Coimbra, Portugal

Magnetic and geochemical characterization of iron pollution in subway dusts in Shanghai, China

Relation between magnetic parameters and nematode abundance in agricultural soils of Portugal—a multidisciplinary study in the scope of environmental magnetism

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