Anthropogenic Osmium in Macroalgae from Tokyo Bay Reveals Widespread Contamination from Municipal Solid Waste

Abstract

Human activity is influencing the global osmium cycle, driving the Os isotopic composition ( 187 Os/ 188 Os) of the hydrosphere and associated sedimentary material to lower values. Here, we present the Re and Os abundance and isotope systematics of macroalgae, a proxy for seawater, from Tokyo Bay to elucidate the potential sources of anthropogenic Os to the Pacific Ocean. Macroalgae from the Uraga Channel, which connects Tokyo Bay to the Pacific Ocean, record relatively low Os abundances (∼10.1 pg/ g) and an 187 Os/ 188 Os of ∼0.9, indicative of surface ocean seawater. Contrastingly, macroalgae within the bay closest to central Tokyo record the highest Os abundances (∼22.8 pg/g) and lowest 187 Os/ 188 Os values (∼0.47), suggesting contamination from human activity. To determine the source of anthropogenic Os, we have developed the first Os emission inventory, based on the East Asian Air Pollutant Emission Grid database (EAGrid2010). The close relationship (R 2 = 0.67 and p-value = <0.05) between Os inventories and macroalgal data suggests that municipal solid waste incinerators (MSWIs) are the dominant source of Os to Tokyo Bay. Projections for Japan estimate that 26 −18 +38 ng Os/m 2 /yr is released from MSWI smokestacks, leading to a concentration in precipitation of 26 −18 +38 fg/g, identifying MSWIs as a major contributor of anthropogenic Os to the hydrological cycle.

Rhenium-osmium geochronology and isotopic systematics in New Zealand source rocks and oils

“…The The large proportion of terrestrial organic matter (66 to 98% degraded phytoclasts) in the Waipawa Formation (Schiøler et al, 2010;Hollis et al, 2014;Field et al, 2018;Naeher et al, 2019) does not appear to have impacted the uptake of Re and Os, supporting previous interpretations that chelating precursors or fundamental binding sites responsible for uptake of Re and Os are present in all types of organic matter (Cumming et al, 2012;Harris et al, 2013;Du Vivier et al, 2015). The difference in concentrations of Re and Os in the two formations could also be a factor of the abundance, variability and preservation of organisms such as macroalgae that are components of sedimentary organic matter and which have recently been shown to accumulate Re (up to several hundreds of ppb) and Os (Racionero-Gómez et al, 2016;Rooney et al, 2016;Racionero-Gómez et al, 2017;Ownsworth et al, 2019;Sproson et al, 2020). The accumulation of Re by macroalgae is syn-life and unidirectional i.e.…”

“…Organisms such as macroalgae that are components of sedimentary organic matter may also play a role in the uptake of Re and Os in organic-rich sediments as they have been shown to accumulate Re (up to several hundreds of ppb) and Os (tens of ppt; Racionero-Gómez et al, 2016;2017;Ownsworth et al, 2019;Sproson et al, 2020). These organisms may release the accumulated elements back to the water column upon degradation (Racionero-Gómez et al, 2016).…”

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“…Organic materials from domestic waste increase the rate of decomposition and fermentation of organic materials to produce NH 4 as a by-product. The increase in NH 4 contamination is positively correlated with anthropogenic factors, primarily related to the residential, agricultural, livestock, and industrial sectors (Bessa et al, 2021;Sproson et al, 2021). In addition, the problem faced in the Tanjung Mas water area is the lack of suitable sanitation, which causes pollution and the balance of the pond waters ecosystem.…”

Research on Environmental Issue and Sustainable Consumption of Online Takeout Food—Practice and Enlightenment Based on China’s Meituan

“…Plastic waste is hard to be degraded, and the plastic waste scattered on land or underwater may be eaten by animals accidentally. Plastic products are difficult to digest, which may lead to the death of animals [33]. From many recent reports, we can see that precious turtles and fishes in the sea are dying because the plastic garbage.…”