Anthropogenic tritium: Inventory, discharge, environmental behavior and health effects

Nie, Baojie; Fang, Sheng; Jiang, Man; Wang, Laishun; Ni, Muyi; Zheng, Jiye; Yang, Zhiyi; Li, Feng-Chen

doi:10.1016/j.rser.2020.110188

Cited by 50 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 109 publications

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“…In China, both the annual activity and concentration limits have been set for tritium discharge. For a 3000 MW NPP in China, the annual activity limitations of gaseous tritium discharge are set to 1.5 9 10 13 and 4.5 9 10 14 Bq a -1 for pressured water reactors and HWRs, respectively; the annual limitations of liquid tritium discharge are set to 7.5 9 10 13 and 3.5 9 10 14 Bq a -1 for pressurized water reactors and HWRs, respectively [26]. Furthermore, the concentration limit of liquid tritium discharge is set to 100 Bq L -1 for an inland NPP in China [103].…”

Section: Tritium Levels In Surface Watermentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition, it has been reported that approximately 1.25 million tons of tritium-contaminated wastewater will soon be released from the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant into the Pacific Ocean [24,25]. Moreover, huge amounts of tritium inventory (1000 times greater than the release of conventional fission reactors) will be loaded into fusion facilities in the future, which could cause a higher anthropogenic tritium release [26]. Consequently, East Asia is considered a region with high tritium emission densities both now and in the future.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Levels and behavior of environmental tritium in East Asia

Feng

Zhuo

2022

NUCL SCI TECH

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For a more systematic understanding of the levels of environmental tritium and its behavior in East Asia, a database on environmental tritium was established based on the literature published in the past 30 years. Subsequently, the levels and behavior of the environmental tritium were further studied by statistical analyses. The results indicate that the distribution of environmental tritium is inhomogeneous and complex. In areas without nuclear facilities, the level of environmental tritium has decreased to its background level, even though a certain number of atmospheric nuclear tests were performed before 1980. In general, the level of atmospheric tritium was marginally higher than the levels in precipitation and surface water; the levels in shallow groundwater and seawater were considerably lower. Furthermore, the levels of tritium in the atmosphere, precipitation, and inland surface water were strongly correlated with latitude and distance from the coastline. In soil and living organisms, the level of tissue-free water tritium (TFWT) was comparable to the tritium levels in local rainfall, whereas the persistence of organically bound tritium (OBT) in the majority of organisms resulted in an OBT/TFWT ratio greater than one. Conversely, extremely high levels of environmental tritium were observed near certain nuclear power plants and the Fukushima accident sites. These results highlight the requirement to know the tritium baseline level and its behavior in the environment beforehand to better assess the impact of tritium discharge. Further investigations of environmental tritium in East Asia using more efficient and adequate monitoring methods are also required.

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Section: Tritium Levels In Surface Watermentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Levels and behavior of environmental tritium in East Asia

Feng

Zhuo

2022

NUCL SCI TECH

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“…Among the radionuclides in the wastewater, including cesium 134, cesium 137, and strontium 90, tritium has raised the greatest concern [ 2 ], considering the potential exposure of humans to the element through seafood consumption. Exposure to tritium may increase the risk of cancer and mutagenesis in humans [ 3 , 4 ], which inevitably raises safety concerns over seafood consumption. In addition, there have been cases of misrepresentation of the origins of aquatic products.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of metabolites of red seabream (Pagrus major) from different geographical origins by capillary electrophoresis time-of-flight mass spectrometry

et al. 2022

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Red seabream (Pagrus major), a migratory fish, is characterized by high protein levels in the muscle. South Korean and Japanese red seabreams have a general distribution pattern; however, distinguishing them based on their geographical origin is difficult. In this study, we used capillary electrophoresis time-of-flight mass spectrometry (CE-TOF/MS) to analyze the red seabream muscle metabolome to investigate how can distinguish the origin of the fish. The metabolites were extracted using 50% acetonitrile in water. Chromatographic separation was successfully used to classify the metabolite profiles of Japanese and South Korean red seabream. Principal component analysis and hierarchical cluster analysis showed good ability to categorize the samples according to their origin. Amino acids showed the greatest quantitative difference in South Korean and Japanese muscle samples. Specifically, the L-alanine, L-glutamic acid, L-isoleucine, dimethylglycine, and L-valine levels in Japanese red seabream samples were significantly higher than those in South Korean samples. In contrast, the levels of trimethylamine N-oxide and inosine monophosphate in South Korean muscle samples were significantly higher than those in Japanese red muscle samples. The monitored metabolite profiles suggest that South Korean and Japanese red seabreams can be identified on the basis of amino acid levels.

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“…Accidental releases of radioactive pollutants into the atmosphere can have serious impact on human health and environment (Aliyu et al, 2015;Nie et al, 2021). The dispersion of radionuclides released into the atmosphere depends on the physicochemical properties of the released substances, the emission parameters (e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Combining short-range dispersion simulations with fine-scale meteorological ensembles: probabilistic indicators and evaluation during a ⁸⁵Kr field campaign

El-Ouartassy

Korsakissok

Plu

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Abstract. Numerical models of atmospheric dispersion are used for predicting the health and environmental consequences of nuclear accidents, in order to anticipate the countermeasures necessary to protect the populations. However, the simulations of these models suffer from significant uncertainties, arising in particular from input data: weather conditions and source term. To characterize weather uncertainties, it is essential to combine a well-known source term data and meteorological ensembles to generate ensemble dispersion simulations which has the potential to produce different possible scenarios of radionuclides dispersion during emergency situations. In this study, the fine-scale operational weather ensemble AROME-EPS from Météo-France is coupled to the Gaussian puff model pX developed by French Institute for Radiation Protection and Nuclear Safety (IRSN). The source term data is provided by Orano La Hague reprocessing plant (RP) that regularly discharges 85Kr during the spent nuclear fuel reprocessing process. Then, to evaluate the dispersion results, a continuous measurement campaign of 85Kr air concentration was recently conducted by the Laboratory of Radioecology in Cherbourg (LRC) of IRSN, around RP in the North-Cotentin peninsula. This paper presents a probabilistic approach to study the meteorological uncertainties in dispersion simulations at local and medium distances (2–20 km). As first step, the quality of AROME-EPS forecasts is confirmed by comparison with observations from both Météo-France and IRSN. The following step is to assess the probabilistic performance of the dispersion ensemble simulation, as well as the sensitivity of dispersion results to the method used to calculate atmospheric stability fields and their associated dispersion Gaussian standard deviations. Two probabilistic scores are used: Relative Operating Characteristic (ROC) curves and Peirce Skill Score (PSS). The results show that the stability diagnostics of Pasquill provides better dispersion simulations. In addition, the ensemble dispersion performs better than deterministic one, and the optimum decision threshold (PSS maximum) is 3 members. These results highlight the added value of ensemble forecasts compared to a single deterministic one, and their potential interest in the decision process during crisis situations.

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Anthropogenic tritium: Inventory, discharge, environmental behavior and health effects

Cited by 50 publications

References 109 publications

Levels and behavior of environmental tritium in East Asia

Levels and behavior of environmental tritium in East Asia

Analysis of metabolites of red seabream (Pagrus major) from different geographical origins by capillary electrophoresis time-of-flight mass spectrometry

Combining short-range dispersion simulations with fine-scale meteorological ensembles: probabilistic indicators and evaluation during a ⁸⁵Kr field campaign

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Anthropogenic tritium: Inventory, discharge, environmental behavior and health effects

Cited by 50 publications

References 109 publications

Levels and behavior of environmental tritium in East Asia

Levels and behavior of environmental tritium in East Asia

Analysis of metabolites of red seabream (Pagrus major) from different geographical origins by capillary electrophoresis time-of-flight mass spectrometry

Combining short-range dispersion simulations with fine-scale meteorological ensembles: probabilistic indicators and evaluation during a 85Kr field campaign

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Combining short-range dispersion simulations with fine-scale meteorological ensembles: probabilistic indicators and evaluation during a ⁸⁵Kr field campaign