Anti-Aging Effect of <i>Cynara cardunculus</i> L. var. <i>Cynara scolymus</i> L. Extract in D-Galactose-Induced Skin Aging Model in Rats

Abstract

The aim of the study was to evaluate the efficacy of 2% Cynara scolymus L. extracts in reverse disturbances of collagen metabolism and inflammation in D-galactose induced skin aging model in rats. D-galactose induced aging reproduced in 48 animals of main group, and 12 rats in control group. All animals in main group were randomized for 4 groups: I. aging + saline, II-IV. different manufacturers 2% artichoke extracts (with content of chlorogenic acid < 2.5%) in a dose of intradermal injection 0.13 mg twice at weeks during 4 weeks. Influence of artichoke extracts restored skin relative weight and led to an increase of solubility in neutral salt and acid, and decreased pepsin solubility collagen fraction, restored the hexosamine/collagen (hydroxyproline) ratio and decreased the activity of nuclear transcription factor (NF-kB). Local prolonged treatment with artichoke extracts improved collagen metabolism and attenuated the progression of inflammation in D-galactose induced skin aging model.

Galactose-Induced Skin Aging: The Role of Oxidative Stress

“…In particular, the data showed that the administration of D-gal in mice and rats caused skin thinning and worsening of fur quality [67,68,70,71,74,[76][77][78][79][82][83][84][85]. Also, hair color changes and unique skin appearance with wrinkles and furrows were detected [80,84] as well as the destruction of hair follicles in the skin [69,84]. Tian and colleagues reported the apparent accumulation of subcutaneous fat and fewer cell layers in the skin of Kunming mice treated with D-gal [71].…”

“…Wang and coauthors showed that skin tissue angiogenesis was reduced after D-gal administration [76]. The skin moisture level, a known skin aging biomarker, was also decreased in the skin of D-gal-treated animals [70,74,80]. In addition, it was reported that the molecular biomarkers of skin aging such as p16 and p21 protein expressions [83,95] were increased, and conversely, the level of sirtuin 1 (Sirt1) and cyclin D1 was reduced in the skin of animals treated by D-gal [74].…”

“…In another study, Sukoyan et al evaluated the effect of 2% Cynara scolymus L. (extracts of artichoke plant) on inflammation in a D-gal-induced skin aging animal model [80]. The data of the study showed that Cynara scolymus L. extracts were able to restore skin relative weight and hexosamine/collagen (HYP) ratio along with decreasing the activity of NF-κB.…”

Ageing Induced Hyperproduction of Reactive Oxygen Species and Dysbalance in Enzymatic Link of Antioxidant Defense System of Skin and Therapeutic Efficacy of Artichoke Extract

“…Animals in main group after randomization received injection with D-gal (100 mg/kg/day, i.p. [31,32]), while in control group received placebo (0.9% saline, 0.5 ml/day, i.p. ), for 8 weeks.…”

“…After the experiments, all the rats euthanized by pentobarbital (60 mg/kg intraperitoneally). Body weight and skin oedema evaluation was investigated as described below [31].…”