Anti-Bacterial Activity of Rhododendron Arboreum Plant Against Staphylococcus Aureus

Chauhan, Pankaj Kumar; Singh, Jyotsna; Sharma, Rakesh Kumar; Easwari, T. S.

doi:10.5958/0976-4623.2016.00018.9

Cited by 5 publications

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“…R. arboreum methanolic extract of different parts (roots, stem, leaves, bark, and flowers) shows good antimicrobial and antifungal activity [16][17][18]. Chauhan et al [19] discovered that the antibacterial activity of R. arboreum leaf extract was found effective as compared to flower extract against Staphylococcus aureus. Methanolic extract of R. arboreum leaves through gas chromatographymass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis confirms the presence of main phytoconstituents, i.e., 22-stigmasten-3-one (14.59%) with highest area percentage, followed by 1, 1, 6-trimethyl-3-methylene-2-(3, 6, 10, 13,14-pentamethyl-3-ethenyl-pentadec-4-enye) cyclohexane (12.26%), beta-amyrin (7.62%), and linoleyl alcohol (6.50%) having antimicrobial, anticancer, antiarthritic, anti-inflammatory, and antiviral properties [20].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phytochemical Analysis and Evaluation of in Vitro Immunomodulatory Activity of Rhododendron Arboreum Leaves

Rawat

Bachheti

Kumar

2018

Asian J Pharm Clin Res

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Objectives: The objectives of this study are to analyze phytoconstituents in Rhododendron arboreum leaves (qualitatively and quantitatively) and to estimate the immunomodulatory effects of extracts using different in vitro methods for intracellular and phagocytic killing potency of neutrophils, which are subsequent, involved in the process of phagocytosis by neutrophils.Methods: R. arboreum leaves extracts were separately extracted in 100% methanol, 50% methanol, and aqueous by a hot percolation technique using Soxhlet apparatus and concentrated with a vacuum rotary evaporator apparatus. The percentage yield of the extracts wares calculated. The extract was used to analyze phytoconstituents qualitatively, and total phenolic and flavonoid content were estimated. In another study, already purified methanolic extract of R. arboreum leaves, namely cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS-3) (kaempferol), RAM fr2, and transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS-10) (ursolic acid) was used to evaluate immunomodulatory activities by nitroblue tetrazolium test, phagocytosis of killed Candida albicans.Results: Phytochemical screening of the extracts showed the presence of major classes of phytochemicals, i.e., phytosterols, flavonoids, phenols, alkaloids, carbohydrate, glycoside, sterols and steroids, terpenoids, and tannin while saponin was absent in all extract. The percent yield of leaves extract was 12.97%. Total phenolic content (TPC) expressed as gallic acid equivalents (GAE) ranged 1327.5±0.009 (in 100% methanolic extract), 1309.5±0.011 (in 50% methanolic), and 1468.5±0.006 mg GAE g−1 dry weight (in aqueous extract). Total flavonoid content expressed as rutin equivalents (RE) ranged 219±0.025 (in 100% methanolic extract), 184±0.02 (in 50% methanolic), and 262±0.58 mg (in aqueous extract) mg RE g−1 dry weight. R. arboreum purified extract CMS-3 (kaempferol), RAM fr2, and TMS-10 (ursolic acid) stimulated the neutrophils to phagocytic activity to the extent of 67.67±2.08%, 40.3±1.5%, and 79.67±0.57%, respectively. The above-said extracts stimulated the phagocytosis of killed C. albicans. The mean particle numbers for CMS- 3, RAM fr2, and TMS-10 were found to be 6.7, 6.3, and 7, respectively, at concentration 1 mg/ml.Conclusion: The phytochemical screening of all the extracts showed the presence of various phytochemicals that are biologically important. The total phenolic and flavonoid content of the plant are comparable to other medicinal plants. Even though the enormous progress on the phytochemistry and pharmacology of R. arboreum have been made, there still require more conclusive studies on the safety, efficacy, and in vivo toxicity of extracts and pure compounds to gain a better understanding.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phytochemical Analysis and Evaluation of in Vitro Immunomodulatory Activity of Rhododendron Arboreum Leaves

Rawat

Bachheti

Kumar

2018

Asian J Pharm Clin Res

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“…Trunk is often much branched, crooked or gnarled (Orwa et al, 2009). Bark is reddish brown, soft and rough, exfoliating in thin flakes (Chauhan et al, 1999).…”

Section: Trunkmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Prakash et al, (2008) stated that the leaf extract was fairly effective, than flower extract. The zone of inhibition of methanol and aqueous leaves extracts for S. aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Streptococcus pyogene and E. coli (Chauhan et al, 2016). In 2013, Sharma and coworkers reported that ethanolic flower extract was very effective against B. subtilis, S.aureus, Salmonella typhi and Escherichia coli.…”

Section: Toxicity and Anti-microbial Activitymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Application of Rhododendron for Human Welfare: A Review

Rawat

Rani

Chauhan

et al. 2021

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National flower of Nepal and Uttarakhand is Rhododendron arboreum locally called buransh, a small tree with bright red flowers and green leaves. Rhododendron is derived from a Greek word RHODO and DENDRON which means rose-tree is used traditionally as medicine and also as food. Buransh normally grows in Himalayas, at high altitude is being used popularly for its processed juice from flowers as buransh or sharbat and in medicines that has many health benefits. Burans products are also used in decorations, refreshing drinks, firewood and as food colouring agents. Its numerous use also include in treatment of bile’s and liver disorders, nasal bleeding, blood dysentery, stomach ache, asthma, fever, gout, coughs, blurry vision, heart problems and diabetes. This review focuses on the phytochemical and nutrition profile, pharmacological and biological properties of Rhododendron arboreum in sustainable development of rural population with many job opportunities.

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“…A behavioral evaluation was carried out 60 minutes post drug/vehicle administration on the 10th day. 6 The antidepressant activity of the test drug was evaluated using the experimental models of depression TST and FST Tail Suspension Test (TST): The method described by Steru, et. al.…”

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Antidepressant Activity of SGLT – 2 Inhibitors in Albinomice, an Experimental Study

K¹,

Tjprc²

2018

IJDRD

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ObjectiveTo evaluate the antidepressant activity of SGLT-2 inhibitors in mice. MethodsSixty adult Swiss albino mice weighing 25-30 grams were selected. Thirty were allocated to forced swim test and thirty to tail suspension test models. In each model, there were 4 groups. The control group received vehicle (10 ml/kg, p. o) as standard, Imipramine (10 mg/kg, p. o) and the two test groups received dapagliflozin and capagliflozon respectively1hour prior to the acute study. In chronic study, the drugs were given orally once a day for 10 days and the last dose was given 1hour before the experiment. Duration of immobility was noted in forced swim test and tail suspension test.Statistical analysis was performed using Mean +/-SEM. ANOVA followed by Dunnett's test. P< 0.05 was considered statically significant. Results SGLT-2 inhibitors produced a significant antidepressant effect at all the doses, as indicated by the reduction in the duration of immobility compared to the standard. The antidepressant effect was higher with dapagliflozin when compared to capagliflozon and control. Conclusions SGLT-2 inhibitors has shown significant antidepressant activity greater than imipramine in mice.They have received considerable attention in recent times due to their beneficial effects on multiple physiological systems. After the realization of pleiotropic effects of SGLT-2 inhibitors 2 , they are being prescribed to patients suffering from cardiovascular disorders like hypertension and ischemic heart disease, irrespective of the lipid profile. SGLT-2 inhibitors are the most commonly prescribed in the world for chronic diabetic resistant patients for insulin .3 Glucose reduction using SGLT-2 inhibitors improves memory in some cases but not others. Controversy exists overuse of SGLT-2 inhibitors to alleviate memory problems in Alzheimer's disease (AD). 4 Correlations of glucose and cognitive function are mixed and association studies find that some genetic polymorphisms are related to cognitive function but others are not. 5Recently, some concerns are raised regarding effects of SGLT-2 inhibitors on memory and psychomotor functions.Hyperglycemia is thus suggested to partly mediate age-related brain changes. A Possible link between hyperglycemia and depression has been suggested in both clinical and preclinical studies. The recently proposed entity of vascular depression provides indirect support for hyperglycemia as a risk factor in the path physiology of depression. Since diabetes is more prevalent in geriatric patients, use SGLT-2 inhibitors may have beneficial effects on depression. Hence this study was undertaken to find out its role in animal models of depression. MATERIALS AND METHODSThe experimental protocol was approved by the Institutional Animal Ethics Committee (IAEC) of Chettinad Hospitals and Research Institute, Chettinad University, Chennai, India. Adult male Swiss albino mice weighing 25-35 gm from our breeding stock were used in this study. The animals were housed at 24±2 o C with 12:12 h light and dark cycle.They had...

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Anti-Bacterial Activity of Rhododendron Arboreum Plant Against Staphylococcus Aureus

Cited by 5 publications

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Phytochemical Analysis and Evaluation of in Vitro Immunomodulatory Activity of Rhododendron Arboreum Leaves

Phytochemical Analysis and Evaluation of in Vitro Immunomodulatory Activity of Rhododendron Arboreum Leaves

Application of Rhododendron for Human Welfare: A Review

Antidepressant Activity of SGLT – 2 Inhibitors in Albinomice, an Experimental Study

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Anti-Bacterial Activity of Rhododendron Arboreum Plant Against Staphylococcus Aureus

Cited by 5 publications

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Phytochemical Analysis and Evaluation of in Vitro Immunomodulatory Activity of Rhododendron Arboreum Leaves

Phytochemical Analysis and Evaluation of in Vitro Immunomodulatory Activity of Rhododendron Arboreum Leaves

​Application of Rhododendron for Human Welfare: A Review

Antidepressant Activity of SGLT – 2 Inhibitors in Albinomice, an Experimental Study

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Application of Rhododendron for Human Welfare: A Review