Anti‐Diabetic Effects of Different Phenolic‐Rich Fractions from Rhus Chinensis Mill. Fruits in vitro

Abstract

This study investigated the inhibitory effects of the Ethanol Extract (EE), Free Phenolic (TF), Esterified Phenolic (TE) and Insoluble-bound Phenolic (TI) from Rhus chinensis Mill. fruits on a-glucosidase, Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 (DPP-IV), and the formation of Advanced Glycation End (AGE) products. Results showed that the TF had the strongest inhibition against a-glucosidase and DPP-IV with IC 50 of 0.56 ± 0.04 and 66.08 ± 1.36 μg/mL, respectively (p < 0.05). TI exhibited the strongest inhibitory effect on the formation of AGEs with IC 50 of 0.43 ± 0.03 mg/mL (p < 0.05). Two major compounds (myricetin-3-Orhamnoside and quercetin-3-O-rhamnoside) showed additive or synergistic effects on a-glucosidase inhibition, while displayed antagonistic effect on DPP-IV inhibition. Correlation analysis indicated that myricetin-3-O-(6″-galloyl) glycoside and myricetin O-gallate contributed significantly on a-glucosidase inhibition, while di-O-galloyl-glucoside and its isomer may contribute remarkably toward DPP-IV inhibition. Protocatechuic acid and myricetin-3-O-rhamnoside showed a positive correlation with the suppression of AGEs formation. Those results may provide some scientific information for exploring R. chinensis fruits as nutraceuticals and/or functional foods to prevent or improve diabetes.

Phytochemical bioaccessibility and in vitro antidiabetic effects of Chinese sumac (Rhus chinensis Mill.) fruits after a simulated digestion: insights into the mechanisms with molecular docking analysis

“…According to a previous study, reducing the reactive oxygen species (ROS) participating in the formation of dicarbonyl intermediates is one of the effective methods to reduce AGE generation (Liu et al ., 2021b). Another previous study reported that in buckwheat biscuits, the antioxidant activity of phenolic compounds is a vital factor for anti‐AGE activity before and after digestion (Zieliński et al ., 2020).…”

“…The phytochemical components of the different fractions from Chinese sumac fruits before and after the simulated gastrointestinal digestion were identified using a Thermo Fisher Ultimate 3000 UHPLC System coupled with a mass spectrometer (Thermo Fisher Scientific Q‐Exactive Orbitrap, Bremen, Germany) in the negative mode (Liu et al ., 2021b). The separation process was conducted with an Agilent Zorbax SB‐C18 column (1.7 μm, 2.1 × 100 mm).…”

“…Chinese sumac fruits were gathered from Tengchong County, Baoshan City, Yunnan Province, China, in November 2019 and placed at −20 °C. Ethanol‐extracted and free phenolic fractions were prepared with the identical method reported earlier (Liu et al ., 2021b) and then subjected to in vitro simulated digestion. Six different groups were set as follows: control group of the ethanol‐extracted fraction (CD), gastric digestion of the ethanol‐extracted fraction (CG), intestinal digestion of the ethanol‐extracted fraction (CI), control group of the free phenolic fraction (YD), gastric digestion of the free phenolic fraction (YG) and intestinal digestion of the free phenolic fraction (YI).…”

“…Studies have shown that R. coriaria is rich in phenolics with strong antioxidant and antidiabetic activities (Abu‐Reidah et al ., 2014). In the previous study, results also showed that the ethanol‐extracted and free phenolic fractions of Chinese sumac fruits possessed a strong antidiabetic activity in vitro (Liu et al ., 2021b). As food materials, they are inevitably digested in the alimentary tract.…”

Investigation of Enzyme Inhibitory Activities, Antioxidant Activities, and Chemical Properties of Pistacia vera Leaves Using LC-QTOF-MS and RP-HPLC

“…It has been reported in previous scientific studies that 7 (i.e., ethyl gallate, gallic acid, gallocatechin, methyl gallate, myricetin 3-[6"-galloylhexoside], quercetin 3-O-(6"-galloyl)-hexoside, and quercetin-3-O-glucuronide) of 15 compounds detected in the crude extract by LC-QTOF-MS have α-glucosidase enzyme inhibitory effect, and one (gallic acid) of them has α-amylase enzyme inhibitory effect (20,(40)(41)(42)(43)(44)(45)(46). The compounds, including gallic acid, methyl gallate, ethyl gallate, gallocatechin, myricetin 3-(6"-galloylhexoside), quercetin 3-O-(6"-galloyl)-hexoside, and quercetin-3-O-glucuronide, that were observed to have αamylase and α-glucosidase inhibitory effects in previous studies were detected by LC-QTOF-MS in P. vera leaf extract.…”