Anti-inflammatory activity of the extracts from mycelia ofAntrodia camphoratacultured with water-soluble fractions from five differentCinnamomumspecies

Abstract

We have previously reported that polysaccharides extracted from fruiting bodies or cultured mycelia of Antrodia camphorata exhibit an anti-hepatitis B virus effect. In this study, we intended to elucidate the anti-inflammatory potency of six mycelial extracts, namely PDBext, CK-ext, CM-ext, CO-ext, CC-ext, and CKO-ext, isolated from mycelia of A. camphorata cultured with six different media including potato dextrose broth (PDB) and five water-soluble fractions from the wood of different Cinnamomum species, i.e. C. kanehirae (CK), C. micranthum (CM), C. osmophloeum (CO), C. camphora (CC), and C. kotoense (CKO), against reactive oxygen species (ROS) production induced by N-formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (fMLP) or phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) in peripheral human neutrophils (PMN) or mononuclear cells (MNC). ROS produced by PMN or MNC act as inflammatory mediators and also signal immune responses. Pretreatment with these mycelial extracts (1^50 Wg ml 31 ) concentration-dependently diminished fMLP-or PMAinduced ROS production in PMN or MNC, as measured by lucigenin-amplified chemiluminescence, with 50% inhibition concentrations (IC 50 ) ranging from 2 to 20 Wg ml 31 . Among these extracts evaluated, CM-ext, CO-ext, or CKO-ext exhibited higher potency than the others. Using high performance liquid chromatography, we identified two lanostane-type compounds, i.e. dehydrosulfurenic acid and 15K-acetyl-dehydrosulfurenic acid, which could be involved in the anti-inflammatory actions of these extracts. The anti-inflammatory actions of these extracts were not due to cytotoxic effects. In summary, these data suggest that extracts from cultured mycelia of A. camphorata display anti-inflammatory effects by inhibiting ROS production in human leukocytes at a pharmacologically applicable concentration. The biological activities of these extracts were further promoted when the culture medium was replaced with water-soluble fractions isolated from the wood of CM, CO or CKO.

In vitro and in vivo comparisons of the effects of the fruiting body and mycelium of Antrodia camphorata against amyloid β-protein-induced neurotoxicity and memory impairment

“…However, A. camphorata products were also proven as anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory agents, in which its fruiting body, solid fermentation products, and mycelium extracts inhibit microglia cell inflammation caused by inflammatory factors, such as lipopolysaccharides, interferon-gamma, and Aβ (Liu et al 2007). Zhankuic acid in mycelium reduce the neutrophil-released ROS and Mac-1 (CD11b/CD18), thus attaining anti-inflammatory effects (Shen et al 2004). In vitro and in vivo tests of this study both revealed that A. camphorata fruiting body and mycelium both provide antioxidative and anti-inflammatory effects for attaining Aβ40-induced TBARS and ROS levels.…”

Effect of Chinese Herb Extract on the Formation of Triterpenoids in Shake-Flask Cultures of Antrodia cinnamomea

“…In order to enhance production efficiency, the control of environmental conditions or the modification of media composition is vital. Some published papers have demonstrated that the additives extracted from the bark of Cinnamonum kanehirai Hay are effective in enhancing mycelia growth and the production of bioactive compounds [14][15][16][17]. However, from plant conservation and large-scale production points of view, finding substitutes for Cinnamonum kanehirai Hay bark are definitely necessary.…”

“…In order to enhance production efficiency, the modification of media compositions or the control of environmental conditions is vital. The research of Chang and Wang demonstrated that the addition of bark extract or wood chips of Cinnamomum kanehirai Hay was beneficial to the growth of A. cinnamomea in mycelia cultures [14][15][16][17]. However, this idea would never be practical due to the slow growth of Cinnamomum kanehirai Hay.…”

Comparative analysis of the complete chloroplast genomic sequence and chemical components of Cinnamomum micranthum and Cinnamomum kanehirae

“…Its wood is in high demand as it is the original host of the parasitizing fungus Antrodia cinnamomea, which is very expensive (US$10 000 per kilogram) and known to have anti-oxidative, anti-inflammatory, and anti-carcinogenic effects (Liao et al 2010;Lin et al 2011;Tzeng and Geethangili 2011). The health-promotion functions of the fungus are specifically connected to C. kanehirae as the growing substrate Chou 1995, 2004;Lin et al 2011) and produce ergostane-type triterpenoids and benzolics (Shen et al 2004;Lin et al 2011). If A. cinnamomea is cultivated on other wood species, different metabolites are present.…”