Anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects of intra-articular injection of triamcinolone acetonide, mepivacaine hydrochloride, or both on lipopolysaccharide-induced lameness in horses

Abstract

Results suggested TA is a potent analgesic and anti-inflammatory medication for acute synovitis in horses and that simultaneous administration of mepivacaine does not alter the potency or duration of action of TA.

Pharmacokinetics of triamcinolone acetonide following intramuscular and intra‐articular administration to exercisedThoroughbred horses

“…Similar to our study, Kay and colleagues administered 9 mg of TA, reporting a maximum plasma concentration of 0.6 ng/ml , which is notably less than that measured in the current study (1.1 ng/ml). Furthermore, TA plasma concentrations remained above the LOD for 2–4 days in the current study while TA was below the LOD in plasma at all time points collected subsequent to 12 h post administration in the previous study . While the same dose was administered, the difference in the detection window is likely due to differences in the sensitivities of the analytical assays.…”

“…Kay and colleagues utilised a quantitative ELISA while in the current study an LC‐MS assay was used. Unfortunately, the LOD of the previous study is not specified, so a direct comparison of the sensitivities of the assays utilised in the different studies is not possible, but typically, LC‐MS based assays are considered to be more sensitive and capable of detecting lower concentrations of substances.…”

“…Triamcinolone is classified as a Class 4 (Penalty Class C) foreign substance by the Association of Racing Commissioners International and its use close to competition is of particular concern to regulatory agencies. Triamcinolone has been found to be an effective analgesic and anti‐inflammatory agent in both an osteochondral fragmentation model and an acute lipopolysaccharide‐induced lameness model . Intra‐articular triamcinolone acetonide (TA) reduces lameness and favourably affects synovial fluid, synovial membrane and morphological parameters of articular cartilage compared with the placebo treatment .…”

“…There are limited reports describing synovial fluid concentrations of TA following intra‐articular administration . Kay and colleagues detected TA in synovial fluid for up to 240 h post administration (the last time point collected) following intra‐articular administration (9 mg) into a single joint . Chen et al .…”

Expression of inflammatory and structural matrix genes in synovial fluid following intra‐articular administration of isoflupredone acetate to exercised horses

“…Blood samples for determination of drug concentration were collected at time 0 (prior to drug administration) and at 15, 30 and 45 min and 1, 1.5, 2, 2.5, 3,4,5,6,8,12,18,24,36,48,72 and 96 h post IPA administration. Additional samples were collected on days 7, 9, 11 and 13 post administration.…”