Anti-inflammatory effect of foods and crude drugs in relation to bitter and spicy tastes

Ikeya, Yukinobu; Epp, Denise A.; Nishizawa, Mikio

doi:10.31989/bchd.v2i4.613

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…Moreover, the concept of "medicine and food homology" was mentioned in the "Huang Di Nei Jing Su Wen", where the constitution of food in traditional Chinese medicine can be categorized through the "Four Properties Theory" (cold, cool, warm, and heat). Foods or herbs with different properties serve distinct functions and are suitable for different individuals [42]. According to the Four Properties Theory, A. grossedentata, L. litseifolius, C. paliurus, and FBT are classi ed as cold, cool, cool, and warm, respectively.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Blended tea ameliorates T2DM via modulation of gut microflora

Liu,

Dai,

Zhao

et al. 2024

Preprint

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Increasing evidences suggest that type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is closely related to gut microflora dysbiosis, which can be improved by dietary intervention. Four natural plant products, including Cyclocarya paliurus, Fu brick tea, Ampelopsis grossedentata, and Lithocarpus litseifolius, which are all rich in bioactive ingredients, are preliminarily found to be individually effective in alleviating T2DM. However, each of these four products has its own limitations in taste or aroma. In this study, these four natural plant products were blended to form a blended teaproduct for obtaining the better flavor. The blended tea was also expected to have excellent pharmacological activity. Therefore, the ameliorative effect of blended tea on T2DM and underlying mechanisms were studied in this study. The results showed that the blended tea extract effectively attenuated the symptoms of glucose and lipid metabolism-related disorders in T2DM mice fed by high-fat and high-sucrose diet (HFHSD). Furthermore, blended tea extract intervention significantly attenuated gut microbiota dysbiosis, characterized by increased community diversity and community richness. Certain core microbes, including Ruminococcaceae_UCG-005, Butyricimonas, Roseburia, Oscillibacter, [Eubacterium]_nodatum_group, Muribaculaceae, Prevotellaceae UCG 001, were also found to be improved by blended tea extract. Collectively, our results demonstrated that the blended tea may ameliorateT2DM through modulation of gut microflora. The blended tea may serve as novel functional drink for the treatment of T2DM and dysbiosis of gut microbiota.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Blended tea ameliorates T2DM via modulation of gut microflora

Liu,

Dai,

Zhao

et al. 2024

Preprint

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“…Its roots (called Kashu) have been utilized in traditional Japanese medicine, i.e., Kampo medicine. Polygonum roots are considered to improve a deficiency of blood, which is a physiological concept based on Kampo medicine and defined as the red fluid that flows through the body, carries nutrients, and maintains life [1]. Blood deficiency in the skin causes insufficient blood microcirculation, resulting in dryness and itching.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anti-inflammatory effects of anthraquinones of Polygonum multiflorum roots

Ulfa

Shirako

Sato

et al. 2022

BCHD

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Background: The roots of Polygonum multiflorum Thunberg (Polygonaceae) are a crude drug known as Kashu and are thought to improve blood deficiency as a Kampo concept. Kashu is added to Kampo formulas, including Tokiinshi, which is used to treat eczema and dermatitis with itchiness by facilitating blood circulation in the skin. Although anti- inflammatory effects were expected, the reports on anti-inflammatory constituents of Polygonum roots are very few. Objective: To purify pharmacologically active constituents from Polygonum roots and compare their anti- inflammatory potency using hepatocytes. Methods: Polygonum roots were extracted and fractionated based on hydrophobicity to three fractions, the ethyl acetate (EtOAc)-soluble, n-butanol-soluble, and water-soluble fractions. Constituents were purified from the EtOAc- soluble fraction, and its contents were measured using liquid chromatography-triple quadrupole mass spectrometer. The interleukin (IL)-1β-induced production of nitric oxide (NO), a proinflammatory mediator, in rat hepatocytes was monitored to assess anti-inflammatory activity. Results: The EtOAc-soluble fraction inhibited IL-1β-induced NO production, whereas the other fractions did not. Six constituents were isolated from the EtOAc-soluble fraction and identified as (E)-2,3,5,4'-tetrahydroxystilbene-2-O-β- D-glucoside, emodin, emodin-8-O-β-D-glucopyranoside, physcion, physcion-8-O-β-D-glucopyranoside, and catechin. Emodin and emodin-8-O-β-D-glucopyranoside significantly inhibited NO production in hepatocytes, and the others showed less potency in suppressing NO production. These two anthraquinones decreased the protein and mRNA levels of inducible NO synthase, as well as the mRNA levels of tumor necrosis factor α. In a search of the literature to date, the comparison of pharmacological activity of the constituents of Polygonum roots was not reported.Conclusion: These results suggest that hydrophobic constituents in the EtOAc-soluble fraction, especially anthraquinones, may exert the anti-inflammatory effects by treatment with Polygonum roots.Keywords: anthraquinone, nitric oxide, inflammation, Kampo medicine, LC–MS/MS.

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“…The fruit of bitter melon includes bitter, cucurbitane‐type triterpenoids, such as cucurbitacins, momordicins, and charantin (Tan, Kha, Parks, & Roach, ). Based on the concept of traditional Chinese and Japanese medicine, bitter taste is closely related to anti‐inflammatory effects (Ikeya, Epp, & Nishizawa, ). Indeed, cucurbitacin B inhibited inflammatory responses in mouse macrophages (Kim, Park, Jin, Park, & Son, ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bitter melon fruit extract has a hypoglycemic effect and reduces hepatic lipid accumulation in ob/ob mice

Dwijayanti

Shimada

Ishii

et al. 2019

Phytotherapy Research

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Bitter melon (Momordica charantia L.) is a vegetable and has been used as traditional medicine. Recently, we reported that bitter melon fruit extracts and its ethyl acetate (EtOAc)-soluble fraction markedly suppressed the expression of proinflammatory genes, including the inducible nitric oxide synthase gene. However, it is unclear whether bitter melon exhibits antidiabetic effects. In this study, we showed that cucurbitacin B, a cucurbitane-type triterpenoid, was present in an EtOAc-soluble fraction and suppressed nitric oxide production in hepatocytes. When the EtOAcsoluble fraction was administered for 7 days to ob/ob mice, a type 2 diabetes mellitus model, the mice fed with this fraction exhibited a significant decrease in body weight and blood glucose concentrations compared with the mice fed without the fraction.The administration of the fraction resulted in significant increases in serum insulin concentrations and the levels of both insulin receptor mRNA and protein in the ob/ ob mouse liver. The EtOAc-soluble fraction decreased the interleukin-1β mRNA expression, as well as hepatic lipid accumulation in hepatocytes. Taken together, these results indicate that administration of an EtOAc-soluble fraction improved hyperglycemia and hepatic steatosis, suggesting that this fraction may be responsible for both the antidiabetic and anti-inflammatory effects of bitter melon fruit.

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Anti-inflammatory effect of foods and crude drugs in relation to bitter and spicy tastes

Cited by 4 publications

References 22 publications

Blended tea ameliorates T2DM via modulation of gut microflora

Blended tea ameliorates T2DM via modulation of gut microflora

Anti-inflammatory effects of anthraquinones of Polygonum multiflorum roots

Bitter melon fruit extract has a hypoglycemic effect and reduces hepatic lipid accumulation in ob/ob mice

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