Anti-PGL1 salivary IgA/IgM, serum IgG/IgM, and nasal Mycobacterium leprae DNA in individuals with household contact with leprosy

Cabral, Paula Brito e; Júnior, José Evandro Cunha; Macedo, Alexandre Casimiro de; Alves, Alexandre Rodrigues; Gonçalves, Thially Braga; Cabral, Tereza Cristina Brito e; Gondim, Ana Paula Soares; Pinto, Maria Isabel Moraes; Oseki, Karen Tubono; Câmara, Lilia Maria Carneiro; Rabenhorst, Sílvia Helena Barem; Nagão-Dias, Aparecida Tiemi

doi:10.1016/j.ijid.2013.05.011

Cited by 33 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…On the other hand, though less frequently occurring, seropositivity due to the presence of LID-1-specific anti-IgG may detect other samples only in the Gold-LFA. Furthermore, since leprosy patients may present only anti-PGL-I IgG and not IgM 22 the inclusion of detection of IgG specific for PGL-I in diagnostic tests for leprosy should also be considered.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Field-friendly serological tests for determination of M. leprae-specific antibodies

Hooij

Fat

Eeden

et al. 2017

Sci Rep

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Early detection of leprosy is key to reduce the ongoing transmission. Antibodies directed against M. leprae PGL-I represent a useful biomarker for detecting multibacillary (MB) patients. Since efficient leprosy diagnosis requires field-friendly test conditions, we evaluated two rapid lateral flow assays (LFA) for detection of Mycobacterium leprae-specific antibodies: the visual immunogold OnSite Leprosy Ab Rapid test [Gold-LFA] and the quantitative, luminescent up-converting phosphor anti-PGL-I test [UCP-LFA]. Test performance was assessed in independent cohorts originating from three endemic areas. In the Philippine cohort comprising patients with high bacillary indices (BI; average:4,9), 94%(n = 161) of MB patients were identified by UCP-LFA and 78%(n = 133) by Gold-LFA. In the Bangladeshi cohort, including mainly MB patients with low BI (average:1), 41%(n = 14) and 44%(n = 15) were detected by UCP-LFA and Gold-LFA, respectively. In the third cohort of schoolchildren from a leprosy hyperendemic region in Brazil, both tests detected 28%(n = 17) seropositivity. Both rapid tests corresponded well with BI(p < 0.0001), with a fairly higher sensitivity obtained with the UCP-LFA assay. However, due to the spectral character of leprosy, additional, cellular biomarkers are required to detect patients with low BIs. Therefore, the UCP-LFA platform, which allows multiplexing with differential biomarkers, offers more cutting-edge potential for diagnosis across the whole leprosy spectrum.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Field-friendly serological tests for determination of M. leprae-specific antibodies

Hooij

Fat

Eeden

et al. 2017

Sci Rep

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“…25 This is compatible with other findings showing that s-IgA levels were significantly higher in diabetic patients with periodontitis. 10,18,26 Using the gingival and modified sulcus bleeding indices, Malicka et al reported that the periodontal status of diabetic patients was significantly worse than that of healthy subjects. 12 Ranadheer et al showed that s-IgA levels were significantly higher among individuals with more than three DMFT.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of Salivary Secretory Immunoglobulin A Levels in Diabetic Patients and Association with Oral and Dental Manifestations

Kakoei

Hosseini

Haghdoost

et al. 2015

SQUMJ

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abstract:Objectives: Oral and dental manifestations in diabetic patients can arise due to numerous factors, including elevated salivary secretory immunoglobulin A (s-IgA) levels. This study aimed to evaluate s-IgA concentrations in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and to investigate the association between s-IgA levels and oral and dental manifestations of T2DM. Methods: This cross-sectional descriptive study was carried out between October 2011 and September 2012 in Kerman, Iran, and included 260 subjects (128 patients with T2DM and 132 healthy controls). Unstimulated salivary samples were collected from all subjects and s-IgA levels were determined using the immunoturbidimetric method. The oral cavities and teeth of T2DM patients were evaluated for oral and dental manifestations. Results: Both diabetic and control subjects with higher concentrations of s-IgA had significantly higher numbers of decayed, missing or filled teeth (DMFT) and periodontal index (PDI) scores (P <0.050). s-IgA levels were significantly higher in subjects with oral candidiasis (P <0.050). Among diabetic patients, significantly higher s-IgA levels were concomitant with xerostomia and denture stomatitis (P ≤0.050). There were no significant differences between s-IgA concentrations and other oral or dental manifestations in either group. Conclusion: Individuals with a greater number of DMFT, a higher PDI score and oral candidiasis had significantly higher s-IgA levels. s-IgA levels were not significantly higher among diabetic patients in comparison to the control group. However, significantly higher s-IgA levels occurred with xerostomia and denture stomatitis in diabetic patients. In addition, s-IgA was significantly higher in patients with uncontrolled diabetes compared to those with controlled diabetes.

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“…However, not all people exposed to the bacillus who develop anti-PGL-1 antibodies will develop clinical disease [22]. Few serological studies have been performed using anti-PGL-1 IgG [36][37][38][39]. The anti-PGL-1 IgM response is uniformly higher than IgG [36].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, it is also possible anti-PGL-1 IgM can be detected in conditions that lead to polyclonal activation of lymphocytes, such as AIDS and psoriasis, even being detected in non-endemic regions [42]. False positives are known to occur in IgM detection due to the presence of rheumatoid factors [39]. In this context, the presence of IgG antibodies in the serum, reflects the safest form of exposure and re-exposure to the bacillus, since these antibodies represent the existence of memory cells at a secondary response moment to M. leprae [38].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In this context, the presence of IgG antibodies in the serum, reflects the safest form of exposure and re-exposure to the bacillus, since these antibodies represent the existence of memory cells at a secondary response moment to M. leprae [38]. Cabral et al [39] observed that IgG levels in controls were lower than in leprosy patients, but did not differ from contacts. It has been proposed that both anti-PGL-1 IgG and IgM isotypes should be measured because of a high frequency of anti-PGL-1 IgM positivity in negative contact samples for anti-PGL-1 IgG.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Serological evidence of Toxoplasma gondii infection as potential risk for the development of lepromatous leprosy in an endemic area for both neglected tropical diseases in Brazil

Oliveira¹,

Martins²,

Souza³

et al. 2020

Infect Dis Poverty

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Background: Mycobacterium leprae and Toxoplasma gondii infections are both neglected tropical diseases highly prevalent in Brazil. Infection with certain parasite species can significantly alter susceptibility to other important pathogens, and/or influence the development of pathology. Here we investigated the possible influence of M. leprae/T. gondii co-parasitism on the manifestation of leprosy and its clinical forms. Methods: Participants (n = 291) were recruited in Campos dos Goytacazes city, Rio de Janeiro state, southeast Brazil, from August 2015 to December 2019 and clinically diagnosed for leprosy. Participants were selected based on the presence (patients) or absence (healthy controls) of the leprosy disease. Contacts of patients were also recruited for this study. Serum samples from patients (n = 199) with leprosy, contacts (n = 40) and healthy controls (n = 52) were investigated for levels of IgM and IgG anti-phenolic glycolipid-1 (PGL-1) by ELISA. Additionally, IgG antibody against soluble Toxoplasma antigen (STAg) was measured in sera samples from leprosy patients, contacts and healthy controls for Toxoplasma gondii serology by ELISA. Anti-PGL-1 IgG and IgM levels were compared using one-way ANOVA Kruskal-Wallis or Mann-Whitney, while Spearman test was used to correlate levels of IgG anti-STAg and IgM/ IgG anti-PGL-1 from seropositive and seronegative individuals for T. gondii infection. The risk of T. gondii infection for leprosy disease was assessed using Fisher's test. Results: Levels of IgM anti-PGL-1 antibodies were significantly higher in multibacillary (MB) patients compared to paucibacillary (PB) patients (P = 0.0068). Higher IgM and IgG levels anti-PGL-1 were detected in patients with the lepromatous forms. The serologic prevalence for T. gondii infection was 74.9%. We detected increased anti-STAg antibody levels in leprosy patients (79.4%), reaching 88.8% within those with lepromatous form of this disease. The leprosy risk increase in T. gondii seropositive individuals was twofold (odds ratio [OR] = 2.055; 95% confidence intervals [95% CI]: 1.18-3.51) higher than those seronegative, and considering the lepromatous leprosy risk this increase was even dramatic (OR = 4.33; 95% CI: 1.76-9.69) in T. gondii seropositive individuals. Moreover the leprosy risk in T. gondii seropositive individuals was weakly correlated to the levels of IgG anti-STAg and IgM/IgG anti-PGL-1.

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Anti-PGL1 salivary IgA/IgM, serum IgG/IgM, and nasal Mycobacterium leprae DNA in individuals with household contact with leprosy

Abstract: We strongly suggest that serum IgG/IgM and salivary anti-PGL1 IgA/IgM measurements are used to follow leprosy household contacts.

Cited by 33 publications

References 30 publications

Field-friendly serological tests for determination of M. leprae-specific antibodies

Field-friendly serological tests for determination of M. leprae-specific antibodies

Evaluation of Salivary Secretory Immunoglobulin A Levels in Diabetic Patients and Association with Oral and Dental Manifestations

Serological evidence of Toxoplasma gondii infection as potential risk for the development of lepromatous leprosy in an endemic area for both neglected tropical diseases in Brazil

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