Anti-wrinkle effect of fermented black ginseng on human fibroblasts

Abstract

Fermented black ginseng (FBG) is processed by the repeated steaming and drying of fresh ginseng followed by fermentation with Saccharomyces cerevisiae. It is known to possess anti‑oxidative effects. Skin wrinkle formation is associated with oxidative stress and inflammatory reactions. The aim of this study was to determine whether FBG possesses anti‑wrinkle activity using human fibroblasts (HS68). According to the Korea Ministry of Food and Drug Safety (MFDS) guidelines for the evaluation of the efficacy of functional anti‑wrinkle cosmetics, we attempted to elucidate the effects of FBG on type I procollagen, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)‑1, MMP‑2, MMP‑9 and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase‑2 (TIMP‑2). In addition, the eye irritation potential of FBG was examined using the EpiOcular‑EIT kit. Our results revealed that FBG was not cytotoxic at concentrations <10 µg/ml. It was considered as safe for the eyes at concentrations of up to 100 µg/ml. Treatment with FBG at concentrations from 0.3 to 10 µg/ml significantly (P<0.05) increased the type I procollagen expression levels from 117.61±1.51 to 129.95±4.47% in the human fibroblasts. By contrast, FBG significantly (P<0.05) decreased the MMP‑1 expression level from 18.41±4.95 to 27.41±3.96%. FBG at 3 µg/ml also increased the expression of TIMP‑2 up to 154.55%. However, FBG at 10 µg/ml decreased the expression levels of MMP‑2 and MMP‑9 to 45.15 and 66.65%, respectively. These results suggest that FBG has potential anti‑wrinkle effects as a potential ingredient in cosmetics.

Ginseng Gintonin Enhances Hyaluronic Acid and Collagen Release from Human Dermal Fibroblasts Through Lysophosphatidic Acid Receptor Interaction

“…The dermis is an inner layer that is comprised of fibroblasts. Skin acts as the front line of protection against bacterial infections, water loss, and physical injury [18][19][20]. It is well known that the fibroblast layer of skin is easily damaged by various factors, ranging from UV exposure to physical hazards [20].…”

Anti-Photoaging Effect of Plant Extract Fermented with Lactobacillus buchneri on CCD-986sk Fibroblasts and HaCaT Keratinocytes

“…Elastic fibers mainly constitute the elastin and form a network associated with collagen [5]. ROS generated by UVB irradiation induce the dermal fibroblasts and epidermal keratinocytes to release MMPs, which accelerate the degradation of key components such as collagen, elastin, and other ECM proteins, thereby leading to skin aging [6,7].…”

Diversity of Ginsenoside Profiles Produced by Various Processing Technologies

“…Kim et al (2010) confirmed that red ginseng fermented with L. plantarum M1 is very useful for preparing minor ginsenoside metabolites (Rg3, CK, Rh1, Rh2) while being safe for foods [ 106 , 107 ]. Fermented black ginseng (FBG) is processed by repeated steaming and drying of fresh ginseng followed by fermentation with Saccharomyces cerevisiae , Fermentation of BG can produce more active ginsenosides and may have potential anti-wrinkle activity that could make it a desirable ingredient in cosmetics [ 108 ]; FBG may also protect cells against oxidative damage by scavenging ROS [ 109 ].…”