Antiarthritic Activities of Herbal Isolates: A Comprehensive Review

Abstract

Numerous plant isolates with therapeutic properties, such as antimicrobial, antiinflammatory, antiviral, antimalarial, antiarthritic (AA), hepatoprotective, cardiotonic, and so forth, are reported in the literature. Usually, medicinal plants are widely used, and assumed to be safe and cheaper alternatives to chemically synthesized drugs. However, they are not regulated for potency and purity, and thus care must be taken for their safe use. In this review, we aimed to compile all of the herbal isolates possessing AA properties, including alkaloids (montanine, 3-acetylaconitine, sanguinarine, jatrorrhizine hydrochloride, and piperine), terpenoids (eugenol, nimbolide, bartogenic acid, cannabidiol, and curcumin), and flavonoids (quercetin, resveratrol, kaempferol, chebulanin, ellagic acid, rosmarinic acid, gallic acid, chlorogenic acid, ferulic acid, and brazilin). These isolates act through numerous pharmacological mechanisms such as inhibiting cytokines, chemokines, or matrix metalloproteinase, etc., to demonstrate AA activity. Animal models utilized for assessing the AA properties of these isolates, including adjuvant-induced arthritis mouse models, are also discussed. Furthermore, nanotechnology-based approaches to deliver these isolates are also reviewed, which have shown improved therapeutic efficacy of isolated compounds.

Investigating Antiarthritic Potential of Nanostructured Clove Oil (Syzygium aromaticum) in FCA-Induced Arthritic Rats: Pharmaceutical Action and Delivery Strategies

“…Overall, this research suggested that CO in a CONC formulation significantly decreased the elevated levels of proinflammatory biomarkers, such as TNF-α and IL-6 in rats, leading to an anti-inflammatory effect. As a result, the anti-inflammatory potential of CO in a CONC formulation might be due to the inhibition of TNF-α and IL-6 by the topical administration in rats [ 44 , 45 , 46 ].…”

Phytochemical Delivery Through Transferosome (Phytosome): An Advanced Transdermal Drug Delivery for Complementary Medicines

“…Transferosomes embedded with curcumin were developed and have shown an increase in their permeation capability and bioavailability ( Anita et al, 2021 ). A study on the antiarthritic activity of capsaicin-loaded transferosomes in arthritic rats showed better inhibitory activity and the desired therapeutic concentration of the drug at the target site ( Jain et al, 2021 ). Similarly, Ines Castangia and collegues have prepared the transferosome encapsulating Jabuticaba ( Myrciaria jaboticaba ) extract having flavonoids having better wound-healing in human keratinocytes ( Castangia et al, 2021 ).…”

Antioxidant and antiarthritic potential of berberine: In vitro and in vivo studies

“…Articular cartilage damage and alkalosis of the joints have been observed in the pathology of the disease process. Ankylosing spondylitis, rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, septic arthritis, psoriatic arthritis, juvenile idiopathic arthritis, reactive arthritis, and gout are varieties of arthritis ( Jain, Vaidya, Gupta, Rosenholm, & Bansal, 2021 , Swathi, Jayaram, Sugumar, & Rymbai, 2021 ).…”