Antibacterial Activity of Aristolochia brevipes against Multidrug-Resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis

Abstract

The increased incidence of Multidrug-Resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MDR-MT) requires the search for alternative antimycobacterial drugs. The main aim of this study was to evaluate the dichloromethane extract from Aristolochia brevipes (Rhizoma) and the compounds isolated from this extract against several mycobacterial strains, sensitive, resistant (monoresistant), and clinical isolates (multidrug-resistant), using the alamarBlue™ microassay. The extract was fractionated by column chromatography, yielding the following eight major compounds: (1) 6α-7-dehydro-N-formylnornantenine; (2) E/Z-N-formylnornantenine; (3) 7,9-dimethoxytariacuripyrone; (4) 9-methoxy-tariacuripyrone; (5) aristololactam I; (6) β-sitosterol; (7) stigmasterol; and (8) 3-hydroxy-α-terpineol. The structures of these compounds were elucidated by 1H- and 13C- (1D and 2D) Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. This study demonstrates that the dichloromethane extract (rhizome) of A. brevipes possesses strong in vitro antimycobacterial activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv (Minimum Inhibitory Concentration value [MIC], 12.5 µg/mL). The most active compound against all mycobacterial strains tested was the compound aristolactam I (5), with MIC values ranging between 12.5 and 25 µg/mL. To our knowledge, this the first report of antimycobacterial activity in this plant.

Ethnobotanical study, antifungal activity, phytochemical screening and total phenolic content of Algerian Aristolochia longa

“…Aristolochic acids, isolated from this plant inhibited Escherichia coli , Pseudomonas aeruginosa , Streptococcus faecalis , Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis [ 22 ]. Several plant extracts from the genus Aristolochia have been shown to possess strong in vitro antimicrobial activity [ 23 - 25 ].…”

Isolation and Characterization of Antimycobacterial Compounds from Fruits of Aegle marmelos (L.) Correa

“…36 Stigmasterol has an MIC of 100 µg/mL 37 and 1:1 mixture of stigmasterol and sitosterol has an MIC of 12.5 µg/mL against M. tuberculosis. 38 To our knowledge, this is the first study reporting the antitubercular activity of the hexane extract of the fruit of A. marmelos and we have identified six active principles in it which inhibited the growth of the virulent strain of M. tuberculosis. A recent study which analyzed the anti-TB activity of the n-butanol extract of A. marmelos fruit pulp has also discovered marmin as one of the active compounds against avirulent M. tuberculosis H37Ra and M. bovis.…”

Enzymatic Reduction of 9-Methoxytariacuripyrone by Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Its Antimycobacterial Activity

“…Compound 2 was finally evaluated with the Microplate Alamar Blue Assay (MABA) method to determine its antituberculous activity, and the result showed that this metabolite (MIC, 3.125 µg/mL) was more active than its parent compound 1 (MIC, 25 µg/mL, [ 13 ]) against Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv.…”

“…Previous studies conducted on this plant species report the presence of 9-methoxytariacuripyrone ( 1 ) and 7,9-dimethoxy-tariacuripyrone [ 10 ], as well as aporfinic alkaloids such as 6a,7-dehydro- N -formylnornantenine, N -formylnornantenine, and aristololactame I [ 12 ]. Additionally, the anti-tuberculous activity of these compounds has been reported [ 13 ].…”