Antibacterial activity of Moringa Oleifera methanolic leaves extracts against some Gram positive and Gram negative bacterial isolates

Abstract

Background: Moringa oleifera Lam. (Moringaceae) found to be very useful tree in tropical countries. In folklore and Ayurvedic all parts of the tree are used in different healing procedures for different diseases. The plant leaves are very good nutrient supplement for malnutrition and also used as an antibiotic. Methods: Phytochemical analysis of the leaf in solvents of varying polarity; viz., aqueous and methanol were also carried out. Results: The phytochemical screening indicated the presence of phenolics, flavonoids, tannins, glycosides etc. The antibacterial activity of Moringa oleifera leaf extracts against four microorganisms, viz. Escherichia coli, Shigella, Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus; the methanolic extract was active against E.coli, Shigella, Staphylococcus aureus whereas the aqueous extract exhibited an inhibitory effect on E. coli and Shigella only at different zone of inhibition levels of extracts. Well diffusion method was used to assess the antibacterial effect of the extracts on both Gram positive and Gram negative micro-organisms. Moreover, statically, the results were not significant at both 1% and 5% level of significances. It became obvious that, the higher reducing power of the aqueous extract could be due to the better solubility of the antioxidant components in water whereas the predominant antibacterial activity in organic solvent extracts as compared to aqueous extracts, indicated that the active components responsible for the bactericidal activity are more soluble in organic solvents. Conclusion: This study provided an evidence to support traditional medicinal uses of the plant.

Analysis of the Antibacterial Activity and the Total Phenolic and Flavonoid Contents of the Moringa oleifera Leaf Extract as an Antimicrobial Agent against Pseudomonas aeruginosa

“…These results are consistent with the recent report, which demonstrated that aqueous solvents produce extracts higher than methanol solvents [ 39 ]. Other researchers reported that extracting M. oleifera leaves (1.5 g) with different polarity solvents resulted in dry extracts with a weight of 5%–36% ( M. oleifera leaf hexane extract) [ 26 ].…”

“…Bacterial growth inhibition based on extract concentrations implies that increasing the concentration of the methanol extract increases inhibitory absorption. These findings support previous research that M. oleifera leaf powder has antibacterial activity against negative bacteria at a low level [ 39 ]. Kumar et al [ 45 ] reported that the M. oleifera extract with the dilution method has an antibacterial activity with a minimum inhibitory concentration of 7.4 mg/mL and 2.4 mg/mL for S. aureus and E. coli , respectively.…”

“…Another work found that the efficacy of 10 mL of the M. oleifera seed extract can cause Gram-positive ( B. subtilis ) and Gram-negative ( E. coli ) bacterial decay to a maximum of 93.2% and 96.2%, respectively [ 47 ]. The inhibitory activity of plant extracts against bacteria varies depending on the type of plant extracted [ 48 , 49 ], the method and solvent used [ 49 , 50 ], the type of target bacteria [ 39 ], and the content of active compounds in the extract [ 27 ].…”

Moringa oleifera as a potential antimicrobial against pathogenic Clostridium perfringens isolates in farm animals

“…Broad-spectrum antibacterial efficacy of the M. oleifera plant was confirmed also against most pathogenic Gram-positive and Gram-negative organisms in many reports in which greater inhibition zones of Moringa were recorded against S. aureus and E. coli isolates ( Abd El-Moez et al ., 2014 ). In addition, recent reviews declared that the ethanol and methanol extracts of M. oleifera could suppress the viability of Salmonella typhi , Salmonella paratyphi , E. coli, B. cereus , Shigella, S. aureus , and E. faecalis organisms (Híjar et al ., 2018; Salihu Abdallah et al ., 2019 ; Abdallah et al ., 2022 ; Adji et al ., 2022 ) than the aqueous extract. The active components responsible for the bactericidal activity are more soluble in organic solvents than water extract ( Prabakaran et al ., 2018 ).…”

Development and in vitro characterization of a mucoadhesive gel with Moringa oleifera extract for periodontal drug delivery

“…[ 42 ] To date, many studies have been done to assess the antimicrobial effectiveness of M. oleifera . [ 43 ] The evaluated results showed that the M. oleifera leaves extract showed anti-bacterial properties against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, however, it exhibited more potent antimicrobial activity against Gram-negative bacteria than Gram-positive strains. [ 43 ]…”