Research into the past cultural dimensions of plants is often restricted to plants with important uses, cultivated for millennia and ever sought after, and of fundamental meaning to human subsistence and economy. This is defi nitely true for the main cultivated crops of the Old World, and for plants regarded essential for other (e.g. medical) reasons. Bladdernut is defi nitely not one of these 'great' useful plants. Still, this shrub has had a curious past which seemed to us worth investigating, for the beliefs and meanings that still cling to it. As we will see, new beliefs are still developing.Largely building upon the previous detailed work by the fi rst author, 1 the current study pursues the goal of drawing as complete a picture as possible of the cultural relevance of bladdernut in past societies. This has been done by critically evaluating the extant literature on material evidence, written historical sources, and ethnographic studies on Staphylea pinnata across Europe, and trying to suggest new interpretations for this plant. Originally given as a conference paper by the fi rst author listed, the following article has been considerably reworked and now includes substantially more research than previously. keywords bladdernut, archaeobotany, historical botany, ethnobotany, ritual plant use, medicinal plants, food plants Downloaded by [84.251.91.165] at 15