“…Superficial tissues had numerous small vessels, while larger blood vessels were visible in the deep tissues In the present study, there were two challenges; the first was to achieve bactericidal effect of PPTT against ESβL Klebsiella pneumoniae and the second was enhancement of fistula healing without evidence of hyperthermia side effects on the tissues. Regarding first one, plasmonic photothermal therapy has been extensively investigated (in vitro) as an alternative technique in the biomedical area like determination of its bactericidal and antibiofilm activities against different strains of oral microorganisms (Castillo-Martínez, et al, 2015) [30], using of covalently primary antibodies linked gold nanorods to selectively destroy the pathogenic Gram-negative bacterium, Pseudomonas aeruginosa after exposure to near-infrared radiation (norman, et al, 2008) [31], using surface plasmonic resonance-induced photo-activation of gold nanoparticles as bactericidal agents against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (Mocan, et al, 2014) [32], developing a drug delivery platform where gold nanorods (AunRs) are conjugated to rifampicin (RF), which is released after the uptake into macrophage cells (RAW264.7) [22] and studying the action of bactericidal gold nanoparticles on Escherichia coli (Cui, et al, 2012) [33]. In addition to that, a new antibacterial gold nanorod (GnR) conjugated magnetic nanoparticle (MnP) composite (GnR-MnP) was synthesized successfully for the eradication of antibiotic resistant nosocomial pathogens in water to improve the water quality (Ramasamy, et al, 2014) [34].…”