Antibacterial applications of metal–organic frameworks and their composites

Abstract

Metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) are porous coordination materials composed of multidentate organic ligands and metal ions or metal clusters. MOFs have the great potential to be utilized in antibacterial materials for biological, environmental, and food antimicrobial fields. In recent years, MOFs have been applied to various antibacterial fields due to their sustained release capability, porosity, and structural flexibility in combination with many chemicals and/or materials (such as nanoparticles, antibiotics, phytochemicals, and polymers). This review offers a detailed summary of the antibacterial applications of MOFs and their composites, focusing on the combination types of MOFs composites and the antibacterial effect in different applications. These applications are illustrated by the examples discussed in this review.

Antiviral, Antibacterial, Antifungal, and Cytotoxic Silver(I) BioMOF Assembled from 1,3,5-Triaza-7-Phoshaadamantane and Pyromellitic Acid

“…A slightly different activity of 1 against the two main types of bacteria (Gram-negative and Gram-positive) may depend on the differences in their cell walls. A commonly accepted hypothesis suggests that Gram-negative bacteria, with a much thinner layer of peptidoglycan in the cell wall, allow silver ions to penetrate much better into the cells [1]. When compared to some other silver-conjugated MOFs described previously [14,15], compound 1 displayed similar activity against the Gram-negative bacteria and a distinctly stronger effect against S. aureus.…”

“…Infectious diseases represent the biggest healthcare concern worldwide [1]. This can be attributed to the observed decrease in the effectiveness of available antibacterial, antiviral, and antifungal agents and the lack of specific disinfectants [1][2][3]. Therefore, the search for new molecules, formulations and materials with potential bactericidal or antiviral properties is currently an extremely important research area.…”

“…Therefore, the search for new molecules, formulations and materials with potential bactericidal or antiviral properties is currently an extremely important research area. In contrast to numerous organic molecules with potent bioactivity, metal-organic compounds are less explored in this regard [1]. However, the combination of bioactive metals (e.g., Ag, Cu, Zn, Fe) along with pharmacologically active ligands or building blocks within one molecule can lead to compounds with particularly interesting properties.…”

Face Masks in the New COVID-19 Normal: Materials, Testing, and Perspectives

“…. MOFs, as an emerging new class of antimicrobials, are superior compared with metals due to their high surface area, uniform distribution of metal active sites, and adjustable porous structures [191,192]. There has been rapid progress in recent years on the research of antimicrobial behavior of MOFs, along with the antimicrobial application of MOFs and their composites [191,193].…”

“…MOFs, as an emerging new class of antimicrobials, are superior compared with metals due to their high surface area, uniform distribution of metal active sites, and adjustable porous structures [ 191 , 192 ]. There has been rapid progress in recent years on the research of antimicrobial behavior of MOFs, along with the antimicrobial application of MOFs and their composites [ 191 , 193 ]. The antimicrobial mechanism of MOFs is mainly accredited to the inherent biocidal nature from their metal ions and may also be from the antimicrobial organic ligands [ 191 , 193 – 195 ].…”