Antibacterial Secondary Metabolites from the Marine-Derived Fungus Penicillium janthinellum

Penicillium janthinellum: A Potential Producer of Natural Products

“…Furthermore, it exhibits a wide pH tolerance range, thriving in pH levels ranging from 2 to 9, with optimal growth observed within the pH range of 3.8 to 6 [5]. It has a wide distribution in terrestrial environments, such as ginseng plants in Jilin Province, China [6], the fruits of Melia azedarach in Brazil [7], gold mine tailings in South Africa [8] and the soils of the Truelove Lowland in Canada [9], as well as many marine areas, such as the Bohai Sea [10], South China Sea [11] and Amursky Bay [12], which fragriae with an MIC value of 25 µg/mL [36]. Compound 20 was first synthesized in 1999 and the spectra data were also reported [43].…”

“…Four known compounds, namely brefeldin A (2), 12α-hydroxybrefeldin A (3), 7-epi-brefeldin A (4) and 7-dehydrobrefeldin A (5), along with four new products: 7, 7-dimethoxybrefeldin C (6), 6α-hydroxybrefeldin C (7), 4-epi-15-epi-brefeldin A (8) and 4-epi-8α-hydroxy-15-epi-brefeldin C (9) were isolated from P. janthinellum DT-F29 [34]. Further chemical investigation of this fungus resulted in the discovery of a novel compound, brefeldin D (10) [35]. 7-dehydrobrefeldin A (5) and brefeldin A (2) were isolated from P. janthinellum MPT-25 [36].…”

“…Two known natural products, citrinin F (58) and isochromophilone V (59), were isolated from P. janthinellum JK07-5, a marine-derived fungus collected from the Bohai Sea [10]. Compound 58 exhibited remarkable antibacterial activity against S. typhi with MIC value of 0.1 µg/mL, exhibiting higher activity than the positive control, ciprofloxacin (1.7 µg/mL) [10]. Compound 59 produced by Penicillium multicolor showed cytotoxic activity against B-16 with an IC 50 value of 36 µM [90].…”

Thiazolo[5,4-b]pyridine Alkaloid and Seven ar-Bisabol Sesquiterpenes Produced by the Endophytic Fungus Penicillium janthinellum

“…chinensis (Pilger) Florin and identified as Penicillium janthinellum , has attracted our attention. P. janthinellum produces diverse metabolites, including brefeldin A (BFA) derivatives, 10 − 12 alkaloids, 13 − 20 azaphilones, 21 , 22 terpenoids, 23 , 24 meroterpenoids, 25 restricticin derivatives, 26 and heterocyclic dipeptides, 27 , 28 and exhibits extensive antitumoral, 10 , 12 , 19 antibacterial, 15 , 16 , 18 , 21 and cytoprotective activities. 27 , 28 A phytochemical investigation on the EtOAc extract of this fungus led to the isolation of 11 metabolites: janthinedine A ( 1 ), janthinepenes A–G ( 2–8 ), and three known compounds ( 9–11 ).…”

“…P. janthinellum produces diverse metabolites, including brefeldin A (BFA) derivatives, − alkaloids, − azaphilones, , terpenoids, , meroterpenoids, restricticin derivatives, and heterocyclic dipeptides, , and exhibits extensive antitumoral, ,, antibacterial, ,,, and cytoprotective activities. , A phytochemical investigation on the EtOAc extract of this fungus led to the isolation of 11 metabolites: janthinedine A ( 1 ), janthinepenes A–G ( 2–8 ), and three known compounds ( 9–11 ). Janthinedine A possesses a thiazolo­[5,4- b ]­pyridine skeleton and janthinepenes A–G belong to a medicinally interesting class of sesquiterpenes ar -bisabol sesquiterpenes. , Herein, the detailed isolation and structural elucidation, in addition to the antimicrobial activities, are described.…”