Antibiotic resistance patterns and PCR-ribotyping of Clostridium difficile strains isolated from swine and dogs in Italy

Spigaglia, Patrizia; Drigo, Ilenia; Barbanti, Fabrizio; Mastrantonio, Paola; Bano, Luca; Bacchin, C.; Puiatti, Cinzia; Tonon, Elena; Berto, Giacomo; Agnoletti, Fabrizio

doi:10.1016/j.anaerobe.2014.10.003

Cited by 46 publications

(31 citation statements)

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“…Accordingly, the resistance levels found in this study can be explained by the indiscriminate use of antimicrobials in humans treating diseases, which is a worrying trend. Similar prevalence of resistance against ampicillin, penicillin, amoxicillin, moxifloxacin, and metronidazole antibiotics has been reported from Iran (Rahimi, Afzali, & Baghbadorani, ), Italy (Spigaglia et al, ), Spain (Peláez et al, ), Slovenia (Pirš et al, ), and Netherlands (Keessen et al, ). Metronidazol and vancomycin are the most commonly used antibiotic agents to treat C. difficile associated diarrhea.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 71%

“…Bacci, Mølbak, Kjeldsen, and Olsen (2011) reported that patients infected with C. difficile strains possessing the genes encoding toxins A and B have a higher case-fatality rates. (Rahimi, Afzali, & Baghbadorani, 2015), Italy (Spigaglia et al, 2015), Spain (Peláez et al, 2013), Slovenia (Pirš et al, 2013), and Netherlands (Keessen et al, 2013). Metronidazol and vancomycin are the most commonly used antibiotic agents to treat C. difficile associated diarrhea.…”

Section: Toxigenic Gene Profile Of the C Difficile Strainsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Retracted: Prevalence, antibiotic resistance, and toxigenic gene profile of the Clostridium difficile isolated from molluscan shellfish

Nayebpour

Rahimi

2018

Journal of Food Safety

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Clostridium difficile strains are considered as one of the newly borne foodborne pathogens regarding the consumption of seafood products. The present study was done to assess the antibiotic resistance pattern and toxigenic gene profile of the C. difficile strains isolated from shellfish samples. Eight‐hundred and twenty oyster, mussel, cockle, and clam samples were collected and cultured. Clostridium difficile isolates were subjected to polymerase chain reaction disk diffusion. Twenty‐six out of 820 (3.17%) shellfish samples were positive for C. difficile. Mussel (5.00%) and oyster (4.00%) were the most commonly contaminated samples. Clostridium difficile strains exhibited the highest prevalence of resistance against ampicillin (92.30%), penicillin (84.61%), amoxicillin (76.92%), moxifloxacin (65.38%), and metronidazole (57.69%). Prevalence of resistance against more than eight types of antibiotics was 15.38%. TcdA (50%), tcdB (30.76%), and cdtA (30.76%) were the most commonly detected toxigenic genes. Clostridium difficile strains harbored the highest prevalence of tcdA + tcdB (23.07%), tcdA + cdtA (19.23%), tcdB + cdtA (15.38%), and tcdA + tcdB + cdtA (11.53%) gene clusters. Shellfish samples have been considered as a potential source of toxigenic multidrug resistant C. difficile. Simultaneous presence of multiple toxigenic genes in the multidrug resistant C. difficile strains poses an important public health issue regarding the consumption of raw and shellfish. Practical applications Due to the high‐consumption rate of molluscan shellfish, they should have a high microbial quality. Clostridium difficile is common foodborne bacteria with an emergence of antibiotic resistance and toxin production. The current research is the first report of the isolation and study the antibiotic resistance and toxigenic gene profile of the C. difficile strains isolated from oyster, mussel, cockle, and clam samples caught from the Persian Gulf, Iran. Results represented that molluscan shellfish samples may act as a reservoir of Clostridium difficile with ability to transfer antibiotic resistance and toxin genes to human population.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 71%

Section: Toxigenic Gene Profile Of the C Difficile Strainsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Retracted: Prevalence, antibiotic resistance, and toxigenic gene profile of the Clostridium difficile isolated from molluscan shellfish

Nayebpour

Rahimi

2018

Journal of Food Safety

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“…PCR-ribotype 078 is referred to as a GDH glutamate dehydrogenase hypervirulent strain [24] and genetic relatedness between C. difficile PCR-ribotype 078 isolates of human and swine origin was determined by MLVA and tetracycline resistance [25] and next generation sequencing [26]. Recently published studies showed a high prevalence of C. difficile PCR-ribotype 078 in swine [27][28][29] and piglets [30]. C. difficile PCRribotype 078 was identified as the most common (19.0 %) PCR-ribotype causing community-acquired CDI [31].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The emergence of Clostridium difficile PCR-ribotype 001 in Slovakia

Nyč

Krutova

Líšková

et al. 2015

Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis

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“…Different other studies have associated the presence of C. difficile in faeces with diarrhoea in dogs and cats (Weese et al 2001a;2001b;Weese and Armstrong 2003;Koene et al 2012;Wetterwik et al 2013). However, dogs can also be healthy carriers of C. difficile strains belonging to human epidemic PCR-ribotypes (Schneeberg et al 2012;Silva et al 2013b;Spigaglia et al 2015), with a high colonisation in the first period of live (Perrin et al 1993;Á lvarez-Pérez et al 2015).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Clostridium difficile in Food and Animals: A Comprehensive Review

Rodríguez

Taminiau

Broeck

et al. 2016

Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology

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Zoonoses are infections or diseases that can be transmitted between animals and humans through direct contact, close proximity or the environment. Clostridium difficile is ubiquitous in the environment, and the bacterium is able to colonise the intestinal tract of both animals and humans. Since domestic and food animals frequently test positive for toxigenic C. difficile, even without showing any signs of disease, it seems plausible that C. difficile could be zoonotic. Therefore, animals could play an essential role as carriers of the bacterium. In addition, the presence of the spores in different meats, fish, fruits and vegetables suggests a risk of foodborne transmission. This review summarises the current available data on C. difficile in animals and foods, from when the bacterium was first described up to the present.

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Antibiotic resistance patterns and PCR-ribotyping of Clostridium difficile strains isolated from swine and dogs in Italy

Cited by 46 publications

References 47 publications

Retracted: Prevalence, antibiotic resistance, and toxigenic gene profile of the Clostridium difficile isolated from molluscan shellfish

Retracted: Prevalence, antibiotic resistance, and toxigenic gene profile of the Clostridium difficile isolated from molluscan shellfish

The emergence of Clostridium difficile PCR-ribotype 001 in Slovakia

Clostridium difficile in Food and Animals: A Comprehensive Review

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