Antibiotic resistance: The challenges and some emerging strategies for tackling a global menace

Abstract

Background Antibiotic resistance is currently the most serious global threat to the effective treatment of bacterial infections. Antibiotic resistance has been established to adversely affect both clinical and therapeutic outcomes, with consequences ranging from treatment failures and the need for expensive and safer alternative drugs to the cost of higher rates of morbidity and mortality, longer hospitalization, and high‐healthcare costs. The search for new antibiotics and other antimicrobials continues to be a pressing need in humanity's battle against bacterial infections. Antibiotic resistance appears inevitable, and there is a continuous lack of interest in investing in new antibiotic research by pharmaceutical industries. This review summarized some new strategies for tackling antibiotic resistance in bacteria. Methods To provide an overview of the recent research, we look at some new strategies for preventing resistance and/or reviving bacteria's susceptibility to already existing antibiotics. Results Substantial pieces of evidence suggest that antimicrobials interact with host immunity, leading to potent indirect effects that improve antibacterial activities and may result in more swift and complete bactericidal effects. A new class of antibiotics referred to as immuno‐antibiotics and the targeting of some biochemical resistance pathway components including inhibition of SOS response and hydrogen sulfide as biochemical underlying networks of bacteria can be considered as new emerging strategies to combat antibiotic resistance in bacteria. Conclusion This review highlighted and discussed immuno‐antibiotics and inhibition of SOS response and hydrogen sulfide as biochemical underlying networks of bacteria as new weapons against antibiotic resistance in bacteria.

Phytochemical analysis and antibacterial activities of various leaf extracts of Ocimum gratissimum and Newbouldia laevis

“…Infectious diseases rank among the leading cause of death in developing and tropical countries [1]. The frequency of life-threatening infections caused by pathogenic microorganisms is increasing worldwide and has been worsened by the development of microbial resistance to available antimicrobial agents [2]. The development of antimicrobials despite being one of the greatest accomplishments of modern medicine is greatly threatened by the continuous development of drug resistance by pathogenic microorganisms.…”

Synergistic effect and antibiofilm activity of the antimicrobial peptide K11 with conventional antibiotics against multidrug-resistant and extensively drug-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae

“…The emergence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) and extensively drug-resistant (XDR) bacteria, combined with the failure of most current therapeutics and also a decline in new antibiotic development, poses a severe threat to global public health ( Chinemerem Nwobodo et al., 2022 ; Collaborators AR, 2022 ). The infections caused by these bacteria result in rising morbidity and mortality rates and a burden on medical costs.…”

Research of Antibiotic Residues and Bacterial Strain’s Antibiotic Resistance Profile in the Liquid Effluents Evacuated in Nature by Two CHUs and a Mixed WWTP of Ouagadougou (Burkina Faso)

“…The emergence of micro-pollutants and pathogenic bacteria in nature is a public health problem that several global health actors are trying to curb. 1 , 2 Indeed, surface waters receive daily from urban discharges generally very loaded with contaminants including resistant pathogenic bacteria, antibiotic residues and metallic trace elements represent potential threats to biodiversity and source of infection for users of the area’s receivers. 3 , 4 Among these sources of pollution, hospital liquid effluents occupy a special place from the point of view of the diversity of antibiotic residues and multi-resistant bacteria that they would harbor.…”

“… 15 This could promote high risks of waterborne infections and the dissemination of forms of environmental bacterial multi-resistance to antibiotics in the human and animal community of these areas receiving said effluents. 2 , 7 However, in the southern Saharan zone, this would have serious consequences because the scarcity and the very high cost of drinking water have led to choices to develop market gardening activities, less intensive fishing, watering for livestock around the waters. Wastewater generated by urban activities.…”