Antibiotic resistant Escherichia coli and Salmonella in Russian rooks (Corvus frugilegus) wintering in the Czech Republic

Literák, Ivan; Vanko, R.; Dolejská, Monika; Čížek, Alois; Karpíšková, Renata

doi:10.1111/j.1472-765x.2007.02236.x

Cited by 52 publications

(47 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…These values are consistent with previous studies looking at the prevalences of AMR in wildlife in Ontario and around the world (5% to 48% in Ontario, Canada [2,12], 13.7% in the Czech Republic [14], and 20.1% in the United Kingdom [28]). We found that the prevalence of AMR in fecal E. coli isolates from raccoons in rural areas was lower than what has been reported for small mammals (e.g., mice, rats, and chipmunks) living on swine farms (48%) and in contrast with previous studies, and we detected no significant difference in the prevalences of resistance between urban and rural environments (2).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 82%

Antimicrobial Resistance in Escherichia coli Isolates from Raccoons (Procyon lotor) in Southern Ontario, Canada

Jardine

Janecko

Allan

et al. 2012

Appl Environ Microbiol

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ABSTRACTWe conducted a cross-sectional study to determine the prevalence of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in fecalEscherichia coliisolates from raccoons (Procyon lotor) living in Ontario, Canada. From June to October 2007, we trapped raccoons in three areas: one primarily urban site around Niagara, one primarily rural site north of Guelph, and one at the Toronto Zoo. In addition, we conducted a longitudinal study at the Toronto Zoo site to investigate the temporal dynamics of fecalE. coliand AMR in raccoons. Reduced susceptibility to ≥1 antimicrobial agent was detected inE. coliisolates from 19% of 16 raccoons at the urban site, 17% of 29 raccoons from the rural site, and 42% of 130 samples collected from 59 raccoons at the zoo site. Raccoons from the zoo site were significantly more likely to shedE. coliwith reduced susceptibility to ≥1 antimicrobial agent than animals from the rural site (odds ratio [OR], 3.41; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.17 to 12.09;P= 0.02). Resistance to expanded-spectrum cephalosporins (and the associatedblaCMY-2gene) was detected in two animals from the zoo site and one animal from the rural site. Serotyping and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis analysis show that raccoons on the zoo grounds harbor a diverse assemblage ofE. coli, with rapid bacterial turnover within individuals over time. Our study indicates that raccoons may shed resistant bacteria of public health significance and that raccoons have the potential to disseminate these bacteria throughout their environment.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 82%

Antimicrobial Resistance in Escherichia coli Isolates from Raccoons (Procyon lotor) in Southern Ontario, Canada

Jardine

Janecko

Allan

et al. 2012

Appl Environ Microbiol

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“…farms may come into contact with resistant bacteria and/or antimicrobial residues that could provide selection pressure for the development of resistant bacteria in wildlife that have contact with these areas (4,7,23) or acquisition of resistant bacteria from farm environments.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antimicrobial Resistance in Generic Escherichia coli Isolates from Wild Small Mammals Living in Swine Farm, Residential, Landfill, and Natural Environments in Southern Ontario, Canada

Allen

Janecko

Lumsden

et al. 2011

Appl Environ Microbiol

100

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To assess the impacts of different types of human activity on the development of resistant bacteria in the feces of wild small mammals, we compared the prevalences and patterns of antimicrobial resistance and resistance genes in generic Escherichia coli and Salmonella enterica isolates from fecal samples collected from wild small mammals living in four environments: swine farms, residential areas, landfills, and natural habitats. Resistance to antimicrobials was observed in E. coli isolates from animals in all environments: 25/52 (48%) animals trapped at swine farms, 6/69 (9%) animals trapped in residential areas, 3/20 (15%) animals trapped at landfills, and 1/22 (5%) animals trapped in natural habitats. Animals trapped on farms were significantly more likely to carry E. coli isolates with resistance to tetracycline, ampicillin, sulfisoxazole, and streptomycin than animals trapped in residential areas. The resistance genes sul2, aadA, and tet(A) were significantly more likely to be detected in E. coli isolates from animals trapped on farms than from those trapped in residential areas. Three S. enterica serotypes (Give, Typhimurium, and Newport) were recovered from the feces of 4/302 (1%) wild small mammals. All Salmonella isolates were pansusceptible. Our results show that swine farm origin is significantly associated with the presence of resistant bacteria and resistance genes in wild small mammals in southern Ontario, Canada. However, resistant fecal bacteria were found in small mammals living in all environments studied, indicating that environmental exposure to antimicrobials, antimicrobial residues, resistant bacteria, or resistance genes is widespread.

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“…Thus, multidrugresistant class 1 integrons that are defective transposons are routinely recovered from many environments, including wastewater treatment plants (44), meat and produce (7,51), and even environments relatively remote from the human food chain (26). These observations make it clear that the same class 1 integrons that mediate multidrug-resistant nosocomial infections have become generally widespread, largely as a result of human activities.…”

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confidence: 92%

A Class 1 Integron Present in a Human Commensal Has a Hybrid Transposition Module Compared to Tn 402 : Evidence of Interaction with Mobile DNA from Natural Environments

2008

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In a survey of class 1 integrons from human stools, an unusual class 1 integron from a strain of Enterobacter cloacae was isolated and characterized in detail. Sequence analysis of a fosmid containing the class 1 integron revealed a complex set of transposons which included two Tn402-like transposons. One of these transposons, Tn6007, included a class 1 integron with two non-antibiotic-resistance-type gene cassettes and a complete transposition module. This tni module is a hybrid with a boundary within the res site compared to Tn402, implying that a site-specific recombination event generated either Tn6007 or Tn402. The second Tn402-like transposon, Tn6008, possesses neither a mer operon nor an integron, and most of its tni module has been deleted. Tn6007, Tn6008, and the 2,478 bases between them, collectively designated Tn6006, have transposed into a Tn5036/Tn3926-like transposon as a single unit. Tn6006, Tn6007, and Tn6008 could all transpose as discrete entities. Database analysis also revealed that a version of Tn6008 was present in the genome of Xanthomonas campestris pv. vesicatoria. Overall, the E. cloacae isolate further demonstrated that functional class 1 integrons/transposons are probably common in bacterial communities and have the potential to add substantially to the problem of multidrug-resistant nosocomial infections.

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Antibiotic resistant Escherichia coli and Salmonella in Russian rooks (Corvus frugilegus) wintering in the Czech Republic

Cited by 52 publications

References 25 publications

Antimicrobial Resistance in Escherichia coli Isolates from Raccoons (Procyon lotor) in Southern Ontario, Canada

Antimicrobial Resistance in Escherichia coli Isolates from Raccoons (Procyon lotor) in Southern Ontario, Canada

Antimicrobial Resistance in Generic Escherichia coli Isolates from Wild Small Mammals Living in Swine Farm, Residential, Landfill, and Natural Environments in Southern Ontario, Canada

A Class 1 Integron Present in a Human Commensal Has a Hybrid Transposition Module Compared to Tn 402 : Evidence of Interaction with Mobile DNA from Natural Environments

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