Antibiotic susceptibilities of indicator bacteria Escherichia coli and Enterococci spp. isolated from ducks in Morogoro Municipality, Tanzania

Abstract

ObjectiveTo estimate the prevalence of antibiotic resistance in indicator bacteria Escherichia coli and Enterococci isolated from duck faeces in Morogoro Municipality, Tanzania.ResultsEscherichia coli and Enterococcus isolation rates from ducks faeces were 91 and 100% respectively. The prevalence of antibiotic resistance of E. coli and Enterococcus was 70.3 and 42%, respectively. E. coli resistant to four antibiotics were 28 (30.8%) and showed high resistance to ampicillin (81.3), tetracycline (75.8) and trimethoprim–sulphamethoxine (62.3). Multiple antibiotic resistance of Enterococcus were more than 65%. High resistance rates shown by Enterococcus were observed in rifampin (62%), ampicillin (62%) and tetracycline (42%). Almost all farmers (92.3%) left their ducks to scavenge for food around their houses. Antibiotics used in animal treatments were oxytetracyclines, sulfonamides, penicillin dihydrostreptomycin while in humans were tetracycline, ampicillin, and amoxicillin.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (10.1186/s13104-018-3201-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

Occurrence of Multidrug Resistant Escherichia coli in Raw Meat and Cloaca Swabs in Poultry Processed in Slaughter Slabs in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania

“…For individual antibiotics, highest resistance was to tetracycline (91.9%), followed by sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim (80.5%), ampicillin (70.9%) and ciprofloxacin (40.2%), a pattern that has also been reported previously [ 7 , 13 , 18 ]. These antibiotics are relatively cheap and are easily obtained over the counter [ 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 ], and often farmers do not follow withdrawal period [ 4 , 5 ].…”

“…This could be explained by the fact that antibiotics are used more intensely for growth promotion and prophylaxis in raising broilers than in spent layers [ 12 ]. For both types of chicken, cloaca had higher isolation frequency of MDR E. coli (25.2% to 32%) than in meat samples (20.4% to 22.4%), a trend that has also been observed in duck fecal samples [ 13 ], which indicates the epidemiological significance of chicken droppings in contaminating the environment, and acting as a potential driver of AMR spread [ 11 , 14 ]. We found significant difference in antimicrobial resistance rates between poultry slabs, indicating possible contribution of the slaughtering environment in contaminating poultry meat with MDR bacteria, which has been cited to be a factor [ 15 , 16 , 17 ].…”

Transferable r plasmids in Escherichia coli isolated from meat ducks

“…The E. coli isolates in this collection were mostly MDR (86.4%) compared with E. coli isolates from duck feces raised in open farming system in other countries, the percentage of MDR isolates in our study was higher than that of E. coli from ducks in Tanzania (Kissinga et al, 2018) and Korea (Na et al, 2019). The MDR E. coli prevalence was in agreement with its prevalence in pigs, pig carcasses and in human in Thailand (Pungpian et al, 2021).…”

An Electroporation Device with Microbead-Enhanced Electric Field for Bacterial Inactivation

“…The inactivation performance is tested for two types of bacteria: Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Enterococcus faecalis (E. faecalis) under various electric field conditions. Both of the bacteria are abundantly found in raw water and are widely used as indicator organisms in the water treatment process [36,37]. Figure 1a shows a schematic of our proposed device, with its working principle illustrated in Figure 1b.…”