Antibiotics Resistance inEnterococcusIsolates From Poultry Waste

Abstract

The aim of the study was to evaluate the drug resistance of Enterococcus faecalis and Enterococcus faecium isolated from different types of poultry waste. The study material consisted of feather samples (duck, turkey, chicken), sludge and centrifuge sediment, originating from three poultry farms. The study was conducted in two stages; isolation and identification of Enterococcus bacteria from the waste and evaluation of their drug resistance using Kirby-Bauer method. Contamination of the poultry waste with Enterococcus isolates included E. faecium species (79 %) and E. faecalis (21 %). The most contaminated were sludge and sediment from the centrifuge as well as chicken feathers, irrespective of the place and time of sampling. Tested isolates showed multiple resistance and similar reaction to all antibiotics used in the study and E. faecalis strain was more resistant. Enterococcus isolates showed the highest resistance to streptogramins, carbapenems, fluoroquinones, aminoglycosides and penicillins, and the lowest for nitrofurantions and phenicols.

Molecular characterization and antimicrobial resistance of Enterococcus faecalis isolated from seafood samples

“…The role of fsr complexes in biofilm formation was also reported previously (Cybulska et al, 2020). In an Indian survey (Biswas et al, 2019), isolates of the present survey.…”

“…As some isolates harbored a high resistance towards human‐based antimicrobial agents (those are basically used to treat human infectious diseases), it can be indirectly concluded that these isolates originated from infected staffs of seafood sales and processing centres (Ranjbar et al., 2019). The high resistance rate of E. faecalis strains isolated from food samples towards oxacillin, tetracycline, erythromycin, cefoxitin, cefazolin, trimethoprim‐sulfamethoxazole, rifampin, clindamycin, and gentamicin antimicrobial agents was reported from Switzerland (Boss et al., 2016), Turkey (Sanlibaba et al., 2018), Slovakia (Kročko et al., 2011), Africa (Olawale et al., 2015), Poland (Cybulska & Krzyśko‐ŁUpicka, 2020), and South Korea (Kim et al., 2021). Sergelidis et al.…”

“…Irregular and unauthorized prescription of antimicrobial agents is the probable reason for the high resistance rate.As some isolates harbored a high resistance towards human-based antimicrobial agents (those are basically used to treat human infectious diseases), it can be indirectly concluded that these isolates originated from infected staffs of seafood sales and processing centres(Ranjbar et al, 2019). The high resistance rate of E. faecalis strains isolated from food samples towards oxacillin, tetracycline, erythromycin, cefoxitin, cefazolin, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, rifampin, clindamycin, and gentamicin antimicrobial agents was reported from Switzerland(Boss et al, 2016), Turkey(Sanlibaba et al, 2018), Slo-F I G U R E 2 Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) gel electrophoresis of E. faecalis isolates in the RAPD analysis vakia(Kročko et al, 2011), Africa(Olawale et al, 2015), Poland(Cybulska & Krzyśko-ŁUpicka, 2020), and South Korea(Kim et al, 2021) Sergelidis et al (2013). stated that Enterococcus isolates of fish and fish market samples harbored the high resistance rate towards cephalosporins, penicillins, and erythromycin antimicrobial agents.…”

Occurrence and spread of antibiotic-resistant bacteria on animal farms and in their vicinity in Poland and Ukraine—review

“…The turkey samples were the source of 30 C. jejuni strains and 1 C. coli strain, while the number of C. jejuni and C. coli isolates from the broiler faeces was 11 and 3, respectively minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC); molecular methods Strains susceptible to azithromycin, erythromycin, gentamicin, florfenicol, telithromycin, clindamycin; all strains resistant to ciprofloxacin; 92.9% strains from broiler resistant to nalidixic acid and 78.6% strains resistant to tetracycline; 83.9% strains from turkey resistant to nalidixic acid and 58.1% % strains resistant to tetracycline all strains resistant to ciprofloxacin had a mutation in the gyr A gene at Thr-86 position; presence of the tet O gene in 71% of isolates from the turkey and in100% of isolates from the broiler; all strains resistant to tetracyclines contained the tet O gene; 5 strains from turkey faeces and 3 strains from broiler faeces susceptible to tetracycline contained the tet O gene Woźniak-Biel et al 2018 (PL) 3 poultry farms various waste materials collected on poultry farms: 4 feather samples (duck, turkey, chicken), sludge (2 samples) centrifuge sediment (2 samoles) selective medium 100 strains of Enterococcus genus identified as Enterococcus faecalis (21%) , Enterococcus faecium (79%) Chromogenic differentiating medium ChromID VRE; disc diffusion method More than 50% of the strains demonstrated resistance to 19 out of 23 antibiotics. The highest resistance in the case of streptogramins, carbapenems, fluoroquinolones, aminoglycosides, penicillins; the lowest in the case of nitrofurantoin and chloramphenicol; E. faecalis strains were more resistant than the E. faecium; presence of multidrug resistance of isolates - Cybulska and Krzyśko-Łupicka 2020 (PL) environmental samples from chicken broilers, turkey broilers and laying hens; 51 isolates from 2 veterinary laboratories originated from livestock environment; n/a Salmonella enterica ser. Enteritidis minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC); molecular methods all isolates susceptible to gentamicin, tazobactam, cefotaxime, meropenem, azithromycin, tigecycline and trimethoprim, ampicillin, 84.3% isolates resistant to colistin, 56.9% to sulfamethoxazole; 41.2% to nalidixic acid, 21.6% to tetracycline, 3.9% to chloramphenicol, 2.0% to ciprofloxacin 14 isolates showing multidrug resistance; resistance genes: flo R (51.0%), bla TEM (35.3%), bla PSE (5...…”

Research on Coping Behaviour of School Sports Participants in Smog Environment Based on Risk Cognition and Communication

“…There are not many pieces of research on risk communication as a system to verify the structural relationship of variables within the system. However, there are not many similar types of research on verifying the structural relationship of conceptual dimensions [25][26][27]. In the research of sports competition anger, firstly, four dimensions of the concept of middle school students' sports competition anger are put forward, namely, anger stressor, anger cognitive evaluation, anger reaction, and anger expression, and then the mechanism of the four dimensions is discussed (Fig.…”