Antibodies to hepatitis C virus in uremic patients on continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis

Abstract

The prevalence of antibody to hepatitis C virus (anti-HCV) among 101 uremic patients receiving continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) was evaluated using a synthetic peptide-based HCV antibodies enzyme immunoassay. Thirty (29.7%) were found anti-HCV positive. This is significantly higher than 500 unselected paid blood donors (4.2%, P less than 0.0001). Among CAPD patients, anti-HCV positivity was found more frequently in patients who had received frequent and longer duration of hemodialysis previously (40.4% vs. 20.4%, P less than 0.05). These findings suggest that hemodialysis patients have a higher risk of HCV infection. At present, CAPD may be a suitable way to reduce the incidence of HCV infection in uremic patients.

Distribution of HCV Genotypes in Patients with End-Stage Renal Disease According to Type of Dialysis Treatment

“…The overall prevalence of HCV infection was found to be 7.0% (195 patients) among 2796 patients undergoing HD at 43 different dialysis centers [4]. Anti-HCV seropositivity in CAPD patients is approximately 30% [5].…”

Comparison of Three Different Immunoassays and PCR for the Detection of Hepatitis C Virus Infection in Pregnant Women in Taiwan

“…An abnormal ALT level was defined by >45 IU/1 as described previously [9,10]. Anti-HCV was tested by HCV enzyme immunoassay (EIA) which uses a recombinant antigen (C100-3) in the nonstructural region of the HCV genome (EIA 1st generation, Abbott Laboratories, North Chicago, 111., U SA) and by a second-generation test which uses mul tiple antigens encoded by structural and nonstructural regions of the HCV genome (EIA 2nd generation, Abbott Laboratories) as well as another second-generation test, the UBI HCV EIA III, which em ploys synthetic peptides corresponding to highly antigenic segments of both structural and nonstructural regions of the HCV genome (United Biochemical Inc., Lake Success, N.Y., USA) [11,12]. The titer of each serum detected positive by first-and second-generation methods in group B was determined by serial 10-fold dilutions first and then by serial 2-fold dilutions, using phosphate-buffered saline containing 5% bovine serum albumin [10].…”

“…Introduction especially in apparently healthy subjects [11][12][13], As a con sequence, the antibody assay has been improved by in cluding multiple HCV viral antigens besides C100-3 (the so-called second-generation assay) to increase its specific ity and sensitivity. An important problem which has sub sequently arisen is whether subjects with verified anti-HCV antibodies actually harbor the virus.…”

Hepatitis C Virus Infection in Dialysis and Clinical Nephrology

“…In these reports, the number of blood transfusions before transplantation was identified as an important risk factor. The prevalence of anti-HCV positivity in patients on CAPD (continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis) is significantly lower compared to HD patients, indicating that CAPD patients are at lower risk of acquiring HCV infection (81)(82)(83)(84)(85)(86)(87). Several factors could contribute to this difference: CAPD is primarily a home procedure, and this may limit the risk of acquiring HCV infection by nosocomial spread.…”