Anticancer and Immunomodulatory Effects of Polysaccharides

Kiddane, Anley Teferra; Kim, Gun‐Do

doi:10.1080/01635581.2020.1861310

Cited by 34 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 83 publications

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“…Sulfated polysaccharides from sea algae, in particular fucoidans present in brown algae, e.g., from Sargassum polycystum [23], have been reported to possess antitumor activity in vitro and in vivo [24][25][26][27]. These natural products were shown to inhibit cell growth directly, e.g., by inducing apoptosis, and, in addition, to activate the immune system in its fight against cancer [28][29][30]. Their molecular mechanism of action is not fully understood at present, and the molecular targets are largely unknown [31].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sulfated Polysaccharides from Macroalgae Are Potent Dual Inhibitors of Human ATP-Hydrolyzing Ectonucleotidases NPP1 and CD39

et al. 2021

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Extracellular ATP mediates proinflammatory and antiproliferative effects via activation of P2 nucleotide receptors. In contrast, its metabolite, the nucleoside adenosine, is strongly immunosuppressive and enhances tumor proliferation and metastasis. The conversion of ATP to adenosine is catalyzed by ectonucleotidases, which are expressed on immune cells and typically upregulated on tumor cells. In the present study, we identified sulfopolysaccharides from brown and red sea algae to act as potent dual inhibitors of the main ATP-hydrolyzing ectoenzymes, ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase-1 (NPP1) and ecto-nucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase-1 (NTPDase1, CD39), showing nano- to picomolar potency and displaying a non-competitive mechanism of inhibition. We showed that one of the sulfopolysaccharides tested as a representative example reduced adenosine formation at the surface of the human glioblastoma cell line U87 in a concentration-dependent manner. These natural products represent the most potent inhibitors of extracellular ATP hydrolysis known to date and have potential as novel therapeutics for the immunotherapy of cancer.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sulfated Polysaccharides from Macroalgae Are Potent Dual Inhibitors of Human ATP-Hydrolyzing Ectonucleotidases NPP1 and CD39

et al. 2021

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“…[ 8 ] At the same time, the inherent pro‐inflammatory ability of bacteria could also stimulate the adjacent immune system. [ 9 ] These characteristics of anaerobes provide a promising strategy to utilize living oncolytic bacteria for malignant melanoma treatment.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Living Bacteria‐Based Immuno‐Photodynamic Therapy: Metabolic Labeling of Clostridium butyricum for Eradicating Malignant Melanoma

Shi

Liu

et al. 2022

Advanced Science

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Due to the complexity, aggressiveness, and heterogeneity of malignant melanoma, it is difficult to eradicate the whole tumor through conventional treatment. Herein, a strategy of metabolic engineering labeled anaerobic oncolytic bacteria (Clostridium butyricum) is demonstrated to achieve the ablation of melanoma. In this system, the metabolic substrate of C. butyricum d‐alanine (d‐Ala) is first conjugated with a photosensitizer (TPApy) showing aggregation‐induced emission (AIE). The yielded metabolic substrate of d‐Ala‐TPAPy can be metabolically incorporated into bacterial peptidoglycan to form engineered C. Butyricum. Once the engineered C. butyricum is injected into melanoma, the bacteria can only proliferate in an anaerobic zone, stimulate the tumor immune microenvironment, and ablate the tumor hypoxia region. Following that, the relatively rich oxygen content in the peripheral area can induce the death of C. butyricum. The photosensitizer (PS) on the bacteria can subsequently exert a photodynamic effect in the oxygen‐rich region and further remove the melanoma residue under light irradiation. Prominent in vivo melanoma ablation results revealed that the engineering oncolytic bacteria can provide a promising regime for solid tumor eradication.

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“…Mushrooms act as both functional food and medicine, achieve various bioactivities, and make a great contribution to health-promoting products. They contain attractive nutritional composition and several classes of bioactive compounds, such as alkaloids, steroids, polyphenols, polysaccharides [12,13], fatty acids, micronutrients, minerals, and vitamins [14,15]. Mushrooms are found to be potent in curing diseases, mainly by the mechanism of regulating cell surface receptors.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anticancer and Apoptotic Activity in Cervical Adenocarcinoma HeLa Using Crude Extract of Ganoderma applanatum

Kiddane

Kang

et al. 2022

CIMB

Self Cite

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Cancer is currently one of the foremost health challenges and a leading cause of death worldwide. Cervical cancer is caused by cofactors, including oral contraceptive use, smoking, multiparity, and HIV infection. One of the major and considerable etiologies is the persistent infection of the oncogenic human papilloma virus. G. applanatum is a valuable medicinal mushroom that has been widely used as a folk medicine for the treatment and prevention of various diseases. In this study, we obtained crude extract from G. applanatum mushroom with a subcritical water extraction method; cell viability assay was carried out and the crude extract showed an antiproliferative effect in HeLa cells with IC50 of 1.55 ± 0.01 mg/mL; however, it did not show any sign of toxicity in HaCaT. Protein expression was detected by Western blot, stability of IκBα and downregulation of NFκB, IKKα, IKKβ, p-NFκB-65(Ser 536) and p-IKKα/β(Ser 176/180), suggesting loss of survival in a dose-dependent manner. RT-qPCR revealed RNA/mRNA expression; fold changes of gene expression in Apaf-1, caspase-3, cytochrome-c, caspase-9, Bax and Bak were increased, which implies apoptosis, and NFκB was decreased in a dose-dependent manner. DNA fragmentation was seen in the treatment groups as compared to the control group using gel electrophoresis. Identification and quantification of compounds were carried out by GC–MS and HPLC, respectively; 2(5H)furanone with IC50 of 1.99 ± 0.01 μg/mL could be the responsible anticancer compound. In conclusion, these findings suggest the potential use of the crude extract of G. applanatum as a natural source with anticancer activity against cervical cancer.

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Anticancer and Immunomodulatory Effects of Polysaccharides

Cited by 34 publications

References 83 publications

Sulfated Polysaccharides from Macroalgae Are Potent Dual Inhibitors of Human ATP-Hydrolyzing Ectonucleotidases NPP1 and CD39

Sulfated Polysaccharides from Macroalgae Are Potent Dual Inhibitors of Human ATP-Hydrolyzing Ectonucleotidases NPP1 and CD39

Living Bacteria‐Based Immuno‐Photodynamic Therapy: Metabolic Labeling of Clostridium butyricum for Eradicating Malignant Melanoma

Anticancer and Apoptotic Activity in Cervical Adenocarcinoma HeLa Using Crude Extract of Ganoderma applanatum

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