Anticoagulant rodenticides in stoats (Mustela erminea) and weasels (Mustela nivalis) in England

McDonald, Robbie A.; Harris, Stephen; Turnbull, Gordon; Brown, Peter; Fletcher, M. R.

doi:10.1016/s0269-7491(98)00141-9

Cited by 71 publications

(58 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…ARs other than the stated active ingredient were found in baits and may also account for the detection of multiple residues in wood mice, especially when livers contained predominantly one compound and only traces of others. This may also partly account for the high frequency of detection of multiple residues in predatory birds and mammals that have been previously attributed to multiple exposure events (McDonald et al 1998;Tosh et al 2011b;Walker et al 2008bWalker et al , 2010. Our study suggests that the ranging behaviour of prey species and contamination of baits may both be explanatory factors for the presence of multiple compounds in prey and predators.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…The exposure of a range of non-target predatory mammals and birds to SGARs is now well documented (Berny et al 1997;Dowding et al 2010;Fournier-Chambrillon et al 2004;McDonald et al 1998;Shore et al 1999Shore et al , 2003aStone et al 2003;Thomas et al 2011;Walker et al 2008aWalker et al , b, 2010. The main route of exposure for many predators is thought to be indirect and occur via predation of exposed prey.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Rodenticide exposure in wood mouse and house mouse populations on farms and potential secondary risk to predators

et al. 2012

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We compared capture rates and exposure to SGARs of wood mice (Apodemus sylvaticus) and house mice (Mus domesticus) in autumn/winter on farms that currently used, had previously used, and never used SGARs. 6-10 weeks after baiting programmes began, 15 % of 55 wood mice and 33 % of 12 house mice had detectable liver SGAR residues. Wood mice with residues occurred on farms not using rodenticides, reflecting the high mobility of these animals, and four had multiple liver residues, possibly due to cross-contamination of baits. The winter decline in wood mouse numbers was similar on farms that did and did not use SGARs, suggesting little long-term impact of SGARs on populations on farms. Our results indicate residual levels of rodenticides will be ever present in small mammal prey across the agricultural landscape unless all farms in a locality cease application. The implications for secondary exposure and poisoning of predators are discussed.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rodenticide exposure in wood mouse and house mouse populations on farms and potential secondary risk to predators

et al. 2012

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“…Exposure of other predators such as mustelids or foxes to anticoagulant rodenticides (Berny et al, 1997) are very high and well documented. Shore et al, (1996) analyzed livers of 24 polecats (Mustela putorius), anticoagulant rodenticides were detected in 31% of the polecats in Great Britain during 1992-1994. McDonald et al, (1998 showed that anticoagulant rodenticides were detected in 23% (9/40) of stoats (Mustela erminea) and 30% (3/10) of weasels (Mustela nivalis) in England between August 1996and March 1997.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exposure of Raptors and Waterbirds to Anticoagulant Rodenticides (Difenacoum, Bromadiolone, Coumatetralyl, Coumafen, Brodifacoum): Epidemiological Survey in Loire Atlantique (France)

Lambert

Pouliquen

Larhantec

et al. 2007

Bull Environ Contam Toxicol

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“…There is some evidence that synergy occurred between these two types of compound (Pospischil and Schnorbach 1994) and preliminary studies at our laboratory (Central Science Laboratory (CSL) unpublished) seemed to con¢rm this. The more toxic anticoagulants are more persistent and present a greater hazard to non-target species, both directly and through secondary poisoning due to bio-accumulation, than the ¢rst-generation anticoagulants (McDonald et al 1998;Newton et al 1990). Synergistic mixtures are, therefore, also attractive from an environmental point of view.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Interaction Between the Indirect Anticoagulant Coumatetralyl and Calciferol (Vitamin D 3 ) in Warfarin-resistant Rats (Rattus norvegicus)

Kerins¹,

Endepols

MacNicoll³

2002

Comparative Clinical Pathology

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Resistance to 4-hydroxycoumarin anticoagulant rodenticides has been a problem in some local foci for a number of years. One method of managing resistance could be to use synergists in conjunction with anticoagulants. We investigated the e¡ect of administering cholecalciferol and coumatetralyl alone and in a synergistic mixture to anticoagulant-resistant rats by monitoring plasma factor X concentrations. The study showed that the e⁄cacy of the compounds was signi¢cantly improved when they were used together. This synergistic e¡ect led to an increased mortality in female rats that had been treated with both compounds compared to both a control group and groups of rats that had received the compounds singly. An unexpected result from this work was that cholecalciferol when given on its own to rats caused a decrease in plasma factor X concentration. We hypothesise that this e¡ect was due to a vitamin D-induced increase in production of vitamin K-dependent proteins leading to a saturation of the carboxylation process and hence to a signi¢cant number of factor X molecules being under-carboxylated and therefore dysfunctional. It is suggested that the reduction in factor X levels is a major component of the increased e⁄cacy of the anticoagulant/calciferol mixture and also that e¡ects on other vitamin K-dependent proteins, e.g. matrix GLA protein, may play a role in the increased mortality seen in female rats.This work illustrates that synergists could be utilised in managing anticoagulant resistance. There are also possible implications for human patients on anticoagulant therapy who may be receiving increased amounts of vitamin D analogues through, for example, dietary supplements.

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Anticoagulant rodenticides in stoats (Mustela erminea) and weasels (Mustela nivalis) in England

Cited by 71 publications

References 27 publications

Rodenticide exposure in wood mouse and house mouse populations on farms and potential secondary risk to predators

Rodenticide exposure in wood mouse and house mouse populations on farms and potential secondary risk to predators

Exposure of Raptors and Waterbirds to Anticoagulant Rodenticides (Difenacoum, Bromadiolone, Coumatetralyl, Coumafen, Brodifacoum): Epidemiological Survey in Loire Atlantique (France)

The Interaction Between the Indirect Anticoagulant Coumatetralyl and Calciferol (Vitamin D 3 ) in Warfarin-resistant Rats (Rattus norvegicus)

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