Antidepressant‐like Effect of l‐perillaldehyde in Stress‐induced Depression‐like Model Mice through Regulation of the Olfactory Nervous System

Abstract

Perillae Herba (a leaf of Perilla frutescens) has been prescribed as one of the component herbs in certain Kampo (Japanese herbal) medicines that are used clinically for the improvement of depressive mood. l-Perillaldehyde (PAH) is a major component in the essential oil containing in Perillae Herba, but its antidepressant-like effect has not been reported. To clarify the antidepressant-like effect of PAH, the inhaled effect of PAH on stress-induced depression-like model mice prepared by subjection to a combination of forced swimming and chronic mild stresses was investigated. The degree of the depression-like state was measured by the animal's duration of immobility using a forced swimming test. Inhalation of PAH (0.0965 and 0.965 mg/mouse/day, 9 days) significantly shortened the duration of immobility of the depression-like model mice and did not affect locomotor activity. However, another odor substance, cinnamaldehyde containing in Cinnamomi Cortex, exhibited no reduction in the immobility. The reduction in the immobility induced by the inhalation of PAH was prevented on anosmia-induced mice prepared by intranasal irrigation with zinc sulfate. These results suggest that the inhalation of PAH shows antidepressant-like activity through the olfactory nervous function.

Antidepressive‐like effect of volatile components of kososan in a mouse model of stress‐induced depression

“…4a), in agreement with the results of our previous study [9]. The combination of oral KSw (0.5 g/kg) and inhaled perillaldehyde (0.5%) also inhibited this increase compared with KSw or perillaldehyde alone, neither of which had an effect (Fig.…”

“…In addition, it was confirmed on HPLC that perillaldehyde is present in KSv, but not in KSw ( Figure S1). Our previous study showed that inhalation of 1% perillaldehyde had an antidepressive-like activity in the mouse model of stress-induced depression [9]. Therefore, it seems likely that perillaldehyde is the perillae herba ingredient that primarily enhances the antidepressive-like effect of KSw.…”

“…The odor emanating from green leaves, which is due to 6-carbon aliphatic alcohols and aldehydes, also reduces depressive-like behaviors by altering the serotonergic system [8]. In addition, our previous study showed that inhaling perillaldehyde, a major component of the essential oil in perillae herba, attenuates the depression-like symptoms of stressed mice [9]. Collectively, these findings suggest that olfactory stimulation by specific odors is a promising means of treating depression.…”

Ethanol Extract of Perillae Herba Enhances Pentobarbital-Induced Sleep and Non-Rapid Eye Movement (NREM) Sleep through GABAA-ergic Systems

“…21 Perillaldehyde showed antidepressant-like effects, which related to GABA-ergic systems, on the olfactory nervous system in mice. 22 Rosmarinic acid revealed sedative effects on some levels when carrying out the swimming test after injecting it to depressed mice 11 and when administered to mice exposed to stress.…”

Preparation and Stability Assessment of Perilla Frutescens Seed Oil Powder

“…The perilla seed (PS) and PS oil (PSO) are rich sources of phenolic compounds, antioxidants, and polyunsaturated fatty acids (especially, α-linolenic acid, linoleic acid, oleic acid, and palmitic acid). Several reports revealed that the PS, PSO, and perilla leaves have antioxidant, antiallergic, antiinflammatory, anticancer, neuroprotective, and α-glucosidase inhibitory properties [1][2][3][4]. PSO is commonly used to flavor the foods, and as cooking oil (particularly in Korean cuisine), and in cleansing products.…”