Antifeedant activity of Lantana camara nano suspension prepared by reverse emulsion of ethyl acetate active fraction at various surfactant organic-phase ratio

Nanotechnology-Based Bioactive Antifeedant for Plant Protection

“…The antifeedant nano-delivery system can increase sublethal bioactivity in both crude extracts/EOs and pure compounds. The functional groups of antifeedant molecules in nanoformulations do not change, thus their biological activity remains as antifeedants [58]. As the formulation is a nano-sized emulsion, it provides a higher surface area, leading to enhancing the biological activity of the antifeedant molecule.…”

“…The structure of the delivery system includes the encapsulation of active compounds inside, a nanoparticulate polymeric shell, adsorption onto the nanoparticle surface, attachment onto the nanoparticle core via ligands, and entrapment within the polymeric matrix [77]. The properties of these various types of nanocarrier formulations are known to enhance the efficacy and efficiency of biopesticides against insect pests, i.e., a nanoemulsion loaded with essential oil from various plants products [78][79][80], plant extracts loaded in micelle with a hydrophobic core [58] and liposome with a hydrophilic core [81], as shown in Figure 2. Recently, materials from natural polysaccharides, proteins, alginates, silica, and other types of polymers have been utilized as nanoparticle encapsulants, such as chitosan, zein, gum arabic, and silica nanoparticles [31,78,82].…”

“…Nanocarrier biopesticide formulas can also enhance the effectiveness of pure active compounds to be comparable or more effective than synthetic insecticides in an in vitro bioassay test [81]. The performance of nanocarrier formulas of EO and plant extract can reduce the level of toxicity, indeed enhancing sublethal bioactivities such as the impact of antifeedant and repellency, and inhibiting growth regulation [58,88,91]. The advantages of the nanocarrier formula compared to conventional or synthetic insecticide formulas are determined through increased efficiency performance, such as the solubility and dispersion, formula stability, and release control mechanism offered by the nano-delivery system.…”

“…A more practical and cost-effective antifeedant role model formula was displayed by a nano-based antifeedant formulation obtained from crude plant extract nanoparticle resources [40,58]. The neem gum nanosuspension can be prepared by a simple stirring method adding TiCl 4 as a stabilizing agent on a certain composition, and has even tested as having a higher 100% antifeedant activity on H. armigera and S. litura larvae at a low concentration treatment (100 ppm) [40].…”

“…The neem gum nanosuspension can be prepared by a simple stirring method adding TiCl 4 as a stabilizing agent on a certain composition, and has even tested as having a higher 100% antifeedant activity on H. armigera and S. litura larvae at a low concentration treatment (100 ppm) [40]. The insoluble organic extracts of L. Camara ethyl acetate nano-fraction can be dispersed in a water system by a simple reverse emulsion method with the composition of Tween 80 ratios as an appropriate surfactant [58]. The results show a significantly enhanced antifeedant activity in a strong category at LC 50 value 0.39% concentration treatments against Crocidolomia larvae.…”