Benthic marine organisms are constantly exposed to fouling, which is harmful to most host species. Thus, the production of secondary metabolites containing antifouling properties is an important ecological advantage for sessile organisms and may also provide leading compounds for the development of antifouling paints. High antifouling potential of sponges has been demonstrated in the Indian and Pacific oceans and in the Caribbean and Mediterranean seas. Brazilian sponges remain understudied concerning antifouling activities. Only two scientific articles reported this activity in sponges of Brazil. The objective of this study was to test crude extracts of twelve species of sponges from Brazil against the attachment of the mussel Perna perna through laboratorial assays, and highlight promising species for future studies. The species Petromica citrina, Amphimedon viridis, Desmapsamma anchorata, Chondrosia sp., Polymastia janeirensis, Tedania ignis, Aplysina fulva, Mycale angulosa, Hymeniacidon heliophila, Dysidea etheria, Tethya rubra, and Tethya maza were frozen and freeze-dried before extraction with acetone or dichloromethane. The crude extract of four species significantly inhibited the attachment of byssus: Tethya rubra (p = 0.0009), Tethya maza (p = 0.0039), Petromica citrina (p = 0.0277), and Hymeniacidon heliophila (p = 0.00003). These species, specially, should be the target of future studies to detail the substances involved in the ability antifouling well as to define its amplitude of action.Keywords: Porifera, Demospongiae, antifouling, Perna perna, Brazil.
Atividade anti-incrustante de doze demosponjas do Brasil ResumoOrganismos bentĂŽnicos marinhos estĂŁo expostos constantemente Ă incrustação, que pode ser danosa para a maioria das espĂ©cies. Assim, a produção de metabĂłlitos secundĂĄrios com propriedades anti-incrustantes Ă© uma vantagem ecolĂłgica importante para organismos sĂ©sseis e pode tambĂ©m orientar o estudo de substĂąncias para o desenvolvimento de tintas anti-incrustantes. O alto potencial anti-incrustante de esponjas tem sido demonstrado nos oceanos Ăndico e PacĂfico, nos mares MediterrĂąneo e Caribenho. Esponjas brasileiras permanecem pouco estudadas em relação Ă atividade anti-incrustante. Apenas dois artigos cientĂficos registraram essa atividade em esponjas do Brasil. O objetivo desse estudo foi testar os extratos brutos de doze espĂ©cies de esponjas do Brasil contra a fixação do molusco Perna perna atravĂ©s de ensaios laboratoriais e tambĂ©m destacar espĂ©cies promissoras para estudos futuros. As espĂ©cies Petromica citrina, Amphimedon viridis, Desmapsamma anchorata, Chondrosia sp., Polymastia janeirensis, Tedania ignis, Aplysina fulva, Mycale angulosa, Hymeniacidon heliophila, Dysidea etheria, Tethya rubra e Tethya maza foram congeladas e liofilizadas logo apĂłs a coleta e posteriormente procedeu-se a extração com acetona ou diclorometano. O extrato bruto de quatro espĂ©cies inibiu significativamente a fixação de bissos: Tethya rubra (p = 0.0009), Tethya maza (p = 0.0039), Petromica citrina (p...