Antifungal Effect of Magnesium Oxide, Zinc Oxide, Silicon Oxide and Copper Oxide Nanoparticles Against Candida albicans

Abstract

AbsrtactBackground: Candidiasis is the most common fungal infection in human and warm-blooded animals. Candida albicans, is an opportunistic pathogen in immune suppressed hosts, like HIV infected and under chemotherapy patients. Since, antifungal drugs are limited and challenged by resistance. Thus discovering agents with antifungal properties and minimum side effects and toxicity is essential. Nano-agents such as metal oxide nano-particles have unique properties such as high surface to volume ratio that introduce them as appropriate antimicrobial agents. Materials and Methods: In this experimental study, antifungal effects of 4 nano-metal oxides; magnesium oxide, zinc oxide, silicon oxide and copper oxide (MgO, SiO 2 , ZnO and CuO) were investigated in vitro against Candida albicans and compared with amphotericin B. Solution acetic acid was used for preparing nanoparticles suspensions. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum fungicidal concentration (MFC) of these nano-particles were evaluated. Results:The results showed that MIC of nano-MgO and nano SiO 2 was greater than 3200 µg/mL, but MIC and MFC of nano-ZnO was recorded 200 µg/mL and 400 µg/mL, respectively. The MIC and MFC of nano-CuO was 400 µg/mL. The MIC and MFC of amphotericin B was 0.5 µg/mL and 2 µg/mL, respectively. Conclusions: It is concluded that, ZnO and CuO nanoparticles have anti C. albicans properties and may be used in treatment of infections caused by this fungus that should be investigated in vivo.

Trichosporon jirovecii infection of red swamp crayfish (Procambarus clarkii)

“…On the other hand, Karimiyan, Najafzadeh, Ghorbanpour, and Hekmati-Moghaddam (2015) detected no antifungal effect of MgO NPs on the tested Candida albicans and the MIC was more than 3200 μg/ ml.…”

“…These findings are consistent with our results, where the use of a dose as high as 8 mg/ml MgO NPs resulted in three‐log 10 reductions on the viable cell counts after 24 hr that increased progressively to reach 8.7‐log 10 reduction after 48 hr postincubation. On the other hand, Karimiyan, Najafzadeh, Ghorbanpour, and Hekmati‐Moghaddam () detected no antifungal effect of MgO NPs on the tested Candida albicans and the MIC was more than 3200 μg/ml.…”

Novel Formulated Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles Reduce Hwp1 Gene Expression Involved in Biofilm Formation in Candida albicans with Minimum Cytotoxicity Effect on Human Cells

“…The incidence of opportunistic fungal infections, particularly candidiasis, is increasing in immunocompromised patients, due to taking long-term antifungal agents, hospitalization, organ transplantation, and malignancies (1,2). Candida albicans are considered as an important opportunistic pathogen with the unique characteristic of transition of yeast form to hyphae (3), which leads to serious life-threatening infection in cases with immunodeficiency disorders (4,5).…”

“…A variety of synthetized nanoparticles with antifungal properties are under evaluation. It has been established that zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPSs) have appropriate antifungal traits; however, ZnO may increase the effectiveness of antifungal agents (1)(2)(3)(8)(9)(10). Moreover, in a recent study reported by Barad et al, zinc oxide nanoparticles coated by chitosan and chitosan-linoleic acid showed enhanced antifungal properties (1).…”

Comparison of Antifungal Properties of Acrylic Resin Reinforced with ZnO and Ag Nanoparticles

“…ZnO NPs showed killing ability versus a vast group of gram negative and positive bacteria 11 and fungi and particularly C. albicans. 12 Moreover exploring the mechanical effect of composite resin modified by ZnO NPs determined increasing compressive and shear without altering the flexural strength of composite resin, 13 from the other hand toxicity of Ag NPs to human cell and brown dicoloration of PMMA result in suspecting the use of this material any more. [14][15][16] Overall, Lower toxicity of ZnO NPs, their killing ability of C. albicans, white appearance and ability to reinforce of composite resin is some advantages of this material.…”