Antifungal Potential Against Aspergillus Flavus: Secondary Metabolite Compound From Unique Organism of Lichen Teloschistes Flavicans

Abstract

Lichen is a unique symbiotic organism formed from the mutualism relationship between fungus and algae. The aims of this research are to isolate and to examine antifungal activity of secondary metabolite compound from lichen Teloschistes flavicans. This research was conducted by extracting lichen dried powder using acetone solvent for 3×24 hours. The extract was isolated by Column Chromatography (CC) and Thin Layer chromatography (TLC) with G60 silica gel as stationary phase. Then it was eluted by n-hexane and ethyl acetate solvents in a gradient elution. The isolate was obtained and purified by recrystallization process then determined by using UV-VIS, FTIR, LC-MS, and 1H-NMR. The isolated compound is an orange needle "3-[1'-(2",3"-dihydroxy-phenyl)-propyl]-7hydroxy-chroman-4-one" with the formula of C18H18O5. The antifungal activity test against Aspergillus flavus using disc diffusion method showed that the inhibitory zone was 11 mm in the concentration of 1000 mg mL-1 .

The effect of lichen secondary metabolites on Aspergillus fungi

“… Method of measurement abbreviations: BMM Broth microdilution method (MIC), BTDM Broth tube dilution method (MIC), DDM Disk diffusion method (IZ), PFT Poisoned Food Technique (fungal diameter), MMwR Microdilution method with resazurin (MIC, MFC), AWDM Agar well diffusion method (IZ), SGI Spore Germination Inhibition (%), MIC Minimal Inhibitory Concentration, MFC Minimal Fungicidal Concentration, IZ Inhibition Zone. Literature abbreviations: [1] Ranković and Mišić ( 2007 ); [2] Ranković et al ( 2010c ); [3] Tiwari et al ( 2011b ); [4] Prashith Kekuda et al ( 2015 ); [5] Aslan et al ( 2006 ); [6] Kosanić et al ( 2013a ); [7] Mitrović et al ( 2011 ); [8] Kirmizigül et al ( 2003 ); [9] Ranković et al ( 2009 ); [10] Babiah et al ( 2014b ); [11] Kosanić et al ( 2012a ); [12] Kosanić et al ( 2013b ); [13] Kosanić and Ranković ( 2011b ); [14] Shahi et al ( 2003 ); [15] Shahi et al ( 2001 ); [16] Ranković et al ( 2007b ); [17] Kosanić and Ranković ( 2011a ); [18] Ranković and Kosanić ( 2012 ); [19] Kosanić et al ( 2014a ); [20] Gulluce et al ( 2006 ); [21] Ranković et al ( 2007a ); [22] Ranković et al ( 2010b ); [23] Kosanić et al ( 2010 ); [24] Anjali et al ( 2015a ); [25] Ranković et al ( 2010a ); [26] Vivek et al ( 2014 ); [27] Babiah et al ( 2014a ); [28] Tiwari et al ( 2011a ); [29] Anjali et al ( 2015b ); [30] Mitrović et al ( 2014 ); [31] Schmeda-Hirschmann et al ( 2008 ); [32] Yashoda et al ( 2014 ); [33] Ranković et al ( 2014a ); [34] Maulidiyah et al ( 2018 ); [35] Ranković et al ( 2012 ). † No effect, ‡ not investigated, IR inhibition rate (%) …”

Isolation and antibacterial activity of diffractic acid compound from lichen Usnea blepharea Motyka

“…This is due to differences in the types between the two bacteria which affect the differences in the structure of the cell wall, plasma membrane, and the pathogenicity of the two bacteria. Escherichia coli bacteria belonging to Gram-negative bacteria have a complex cell wall structure (Maulidiyah et al, 2018;Sarowska et al, 2019). The structure of the Gram-negative cell wall, namely the outer layer, consists of lipoproteins, the middle layer is thin peptidoglycan, and the inner layer is thick lipopolysaccharides (Horvatic et al, 2019).…”

“…Bacteria can be inhibited by secondary metabolites of lichen, such as lauric acid compounds from Usnea barbata (Rankovic et al, 2012), a usnic acid compound from U. longissima (Maulidiyah et al, 2016a), a protolichesterinic acid compound from Usnea albopunctata (Sasidharan et al, 2014), and atranorin from Usnea rubrotincta (Sasidharan et al, 2014). According to Sudarwanti et al (2018), the acetone extract is more effective at inhibiting bacterial growth because it contains various types of secondary metabolite compounds such as flavonoids, alkaloids, tannins, and terpenoids.…”

Potential of Usnic Acid Compound from Lichen Genus <i>Usnea</i> sp. as Antidiabetic Agents

“…Based on our previous study, the lichen Usnea sp. contains secondary metabolites such as 2'-hydroxy-1'-(4-hydroxyl-5-methoxy-2-methyl-phenyl) -etone 30) , 3-［1'-(2",3"-dihydroxyphenyl) -propyl］ -7-hydroxy-chroman-4-one 31) , (5E,6E) 5-ethylidene-7-formyl-6,7-hydroxymethylhept-6-enoate 32) , eumitrin A1 33) , atranorin 6) , and diffractaic acid 8) . Isolation, structural elucidation, and inhibition test of the α-glucosidase enzyme of a usnic acid compound from lichen genus Usnea sp.…”