Antigenotoxic properties of Paliurus spina-christi Mill fruits and their active compounds

Abstract

Background Paliurus spina-christi Mill. (PS) fruits are widely used for different medical purposes in Turkey. Like in many medicinal herbs the studies concerning their activity, the activities of PS are also not well clarified. The aim of this study is to evaluate the antigenotoxicity of the compounds isolated and identified from the extracts of PS fruits.MethodsThe active compounds were separated, isolated, and determined by chromatographic methods and their structural elucidation was performed by Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) methods. The compounds were obtained from either ethyl acetate (EA) or n-butanol extracts. The cytotoxicities of the compounds using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay and the antigenotoxic activities of the compounds using the alkaline single cell gel electrophoresis techniques (comet assay) were evaluated in Chinese hamster lung fibroblast (V79) cell lines.ResultsThe isolated major compounds were identified as (+/−) catechins and gallocatechin from EA fraction and rutin from n-butanol fraction of PS fruits. Their chemical structures were identified by 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, HMBC, and HMQC techniques. Half-maximal inhibitory concentration of catechins, gallocatechin, and rutin were found to be 734 μg/mL, 220 μg/mL, and 1004 μg/mL, respectively. The methanolic extract of PS (1-100 μg/mL) alone did not induce DNA single-strand breaks while catechins (1-100 μg/mL), gallocatechin (1-50 μg/mL), and rutin (1-50 μg/mL) significantly reduced H2O2-induced DNA damage.ConclusionIt has been suggested that PS fruits and their compounds catechins, gallocatechin and rutin may have beneficial effects in oxidative DNA damage. It seems that PS fruits may be used in protection of the disorders related to DNA damage.

Catechol-Type Flavonoids from the Branches of Elaeagnus glabra f. oxyphylla Exert Antioxidant Activity and an Inhibitory Effect on Amyloid-β Aggregation

“…Finally, sixteen compounds ( 1 – 16 ), including three phenols ( 1 – 3 ), ten flavonoids ( 4 – 13 ), two triterpenoids ( 14 , 15 ), and one fatty acid ester ( 16 ), were purified ( Figure 5 ). By comparing the spectral and physicochemical properties of these compounds ( Supplementary Materials ) with those of previously reported compounds, the sixteen compounds were identified as 4-hydroxybenzoic acid ( 1 ) [ 33 ], salicylic acid ( 2 ) [ 34 ], vanillic acid ( 3 ) [ 35 ], (+)-catechin ( 4 ) [ 36 ], (–)-epicatechin ( 5 ) [ 37 ], (+)-gallocatechin ( 6 ) [ 36 ], (–)-epigallocatechin ( 7 ) [ 38 ], procyanidin B3 ( 8 ) [ 39 ], procyanidin B4 ( 9 ) [ 40 ], kaempferol ( 10 ) [ 41 ], astragalin ( 11 ) [ 42 ], trans -tiliroside ( 12 ) [ 38 ], helichrysoside ( 13 ) [ 43 ], betulinic acid-3- O - trans -caffeate ( 14 ) [ 44 ], ursolic acid-3- O - trans -caffeate ( 15 ) [ 45 ], and 1-mono(22- O -feruloyl-oxydocosanoyl)glycerol ( 16 ) [ 46 ]. Previous studies have reported the presence of various types of phytochemicals in the genus Elaeagnus , including flavonoids (e.g., rutin, epigallocatechin gallate, and isorhamnetin) and phenolic compounds (e.g., chlorogenic acid, pyrogallol, and ferulic acid) from E. umbellata [ 20 ], E. angustifolia [ 47 ], and E. pungens [ 48 ]; and triterpenoid saponins (e.g., terpengustifol), lignan glycosides (e.g., phengustifols A and B), and alkaloids (e.g., harmane and tetrahydroharmol) from E. angustifolia [ 23 , 47 ].…”

Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity of fruit, leaf and branch extracts of Paliurus spina-christi P. Mill

“…It have also been reported in scientific studies that different extracts of this species have antimicrobial, hypolipidemic, antioxidant, and antigenotoxic activities [11][12][13][14][15]. The leaves, flowers, and fruits of Paliurus spina-christi contain flavonoids (quercetin hexoside, quercetin, naringenin-C-diglycoside, quercetin 3-Orhamnoglucoside 7-O-rhamnoside, quercetin-3-O-triglycoside, quercetin-3-O-α-rhamnosyl(1→6)-β-galactoside, quercetin-3-O-α-rhamnosyl(1→6)-β-galactoside-7-O-α-rhamnoside, hyperoside, quercetin-3-O-[−β-xylosyl(1→2)-α-rhamnozil(1→6)]-β-glucoside, quercetin-3-rutinoside-7-rhamnoside, isoquercitrin, rutin, kaempferol-3-glycoside), tannins (epigallocatechol, gallocatechol, catechol, gallocatechin, gallocatechin, (+) and (−) catechin, epigallocatechin, catechin hydrate, proanthocyanidin B dimer), phenolic acids (5-caffeoyl quinic acid 5-pcoumaroylquinic acid), coumarins, amino acids, fatty acids, and alkaloids [9,11,12,[15][16][17][18].…”

“…It is spiny shrub, growing two to four meters tall, with arching branches [1]. This species is known by local names such as "Karaçalı", "draga dikeni", "öküz gözü", "çaltı", "ilme", "çaltı dikeni", "sarı çalı", "sarı diken", "çalı bakıldağı", "çantı dikeni" [2][3][4][5][6][7] and is used as diuretic, antirheumatic, hypocholesterolemic, tonic, expectorant for children, anti-inflammatory, antitussive, tonic as well as in the treatment of cough, diarrhea, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, abdominal pain, stomach pain, nausea, diabetes, nephralgia, kidney stones, sore throat, bronchitis, atherosclerosis, haemorrhoid, urinary tract infection in traditional Turkish herbal medicine [2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11]. It have also been reported in scientific studies that different extracts of this species have antimicrobial, hypolipidemic, antioxidant, and antigenotoxic activities [11][12][13][14][15].…”

“…This species is known by local names such as "Karaçalı", "draga dikeni", "öküz gözü", "çaltı", "ilme", "çaltı dikeni", "sarı çalı", "sarı diken", "çalı bakıldağı", "çantı dikeni" [2][3][4][5][6][7] and is used as diuretic, antirheumatic, hypocholesterolemic, tonic, expectorant for children, anti-inflammatory, antitussive, tonic as well as in the treatment of cough, diarrhea, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, abdominal pain, stomach pain, nausea, diabetes, nephralgia, kidney stones, sore throat, bronchitis, atherosclerosis, haemorrhoid, urinary tract infection in traditional Turkish herbal medicine [2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11]. It have also been reported in scientific studies that different extracts of this species have antimicrobial, hypolipidemic, antioxidant, and antigenotoxic activities [11][12][13][14][15]. The leaves, flowers, and fruits of Paliurus spina-christi contain flavonoids (quercetin hexoside, quercetin, naringenin-C-diglycoside, quercetin 3-Orhamnoglucoside 7-O-rhamnoside, quercetin-3-O-triglycoside, quercetin-3-O-α-rhamnosyl(1→6)-β-galactoside, quercetin-3-O-α-rhamnosyl(1→6)-β-galactoside-7-O-α-rhamnoside, hyperoside, quercetin-3-O-[−β-xylosyl(1→2)-α-rhamnozil(1→6)]-β-glucoside, quercetin-3-rutinoside-7-rhamnoside, isoquercitrin, rutin, kaempferol-3-glycoside), tannins (epigallocatechol, gallocatechol, catechol, gallocatechin, gallocatechin, (+) and (−) catechin, epigallocatechin, catechin hydrate, proanthocyanidin B dimer), phenolic acids (5-caffeoyl quinic acid 5-pcoumaroylquinic acid), coumarins, amino acids, fatty acids, and alkaloids [9,11,12,[15][16][17][18].…”

Kahramanmaraş İlindeki Paliurus spina-christi Mill. Bitkisinin Antimikrobiyal ve Antioksidan Aktivitelerinin Araştırılması

“…The plant is known to have significant biological activities, since it contains alkaloids, flavonoids, glycosides, polyphenols, tannins, methyl esters of natural fatty acids, sterols, and free fatty acids (Medić-Šarić, M et al, 1996). Studies have also reported that the plant is used as an antidiarrheal, diuretic and antirheumatic medication, and that it has different extracts that comprise antimicrobial, hypolipidemic, antioxidant, antidiabetic, and antigenotoxic activities Males, 1990, 1999;Schirarend and Olabi, 1994;Brantner et al, 1996;El Rabey et al, 2014;Zor et al, 2017;Takım, 2021).…”