Antihyperglycemic and Lipid Profile Effects of Salvia amarissima Ortega on Streptozocin-Induced Type 2 Diabetic Mice

Abstract

Salvia amarissima Ortega was evaluated to determinate its antihyperglycemic and lipid profile properties. Petroleum ether extract of fresh aerial parts of S. amarissima (PEfAPSa) and a secondary fraction (F6Sa) were evaluated to determine their antihyperglycemic activity in streptozo-cin-induced diabetic (STID) mice, in oral tolerance tests of sucrose, starch, and glucose (OSTT, OStTT, and OGTT, respectively), in terms of glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), triglycerides (TG), and high-density lipoprotein (HDL). In acute assays at doses of 50 mg/kg body weight (b.w.), PEfAPSa and F6Sa showed a reduction in hyperglycemia in STID mice, at the first and fifth hour after of treatment, respectively, and were comparable with acarbose. In the sub-chronic test, PEfAPSa and F6Sa showed a reduction of glycemia since the first week, and the effect was greater than that of the acarbose control group. In relation to HbA1c, the treatments prevented the increase in HbA1c. In the case of TG and HDL, PEfAPSa and F6Sa showed a reduction in TG and an HDL increase from the second week. OSTT and OStTT showed that PEfAPSa and F6Sa significantly lowered the postprandial peak at 1 h after loading but only in sucrose or starch such as acarbose. The results suggest that S. amarissima activity may be mediated by the inhibition of disaccharide hydrolysis, which may be associated with an α-glucosidase inhibitory effect.

Antihyperglycemic and Antilipidemic Properties of a Tea Infusion of the Leaves from Annona cherimola Miller on Streptozocin-Induced Type 2 Diabetic Mice

“…Additionally, according to these data about the antihyperglycemic effect on acute and subchronic evaluations as well as the lowering effect on glycated hemoglobin levels, the tea infusion extract of A. cherimola could be efficient as a long-term treatment. In contrast, acarbose, an α-glucosidase inhibitor used for the diabetes treatment exhibited a less effect in the acute and subchronic assay at 50 mg/kg, this effect is similar to was found in other previous studies with the same dose [62], and are consistent with studies where the administration of acarbose alone generated less control over the hyperglycemic state of STZ-induced diabetic animals, while treatment with flavonoids such as quercetin improves not only the postprandial glucose rise but also fasting hyperglycemia [63], since it increases insulin sensitivity by inhibiting the α-glucosidase pathway and favoring the release of insulin from the pancreas by protecting the b cells from oxidative damage [56][57][58][59][60]. On the other hand, although acarbose is a powerful competitive inhibitor of α-glucosidase, it has been reported that its use for a long time induces side effects that limit its effectiveness.…”

Antihyperglycemic Effects of Salvia polystachya Cav. and Its Terpenoids: α-Glucosidase and SGLT1 Inhibitors

“…Blood samples were obtained by puncturing the vein caudal before, and 0, 30, 60, 90 and 120 min after the administration of the treatments. Blood glucose levels (mg/dL) were determined by the enzymatic glucose oxidase method (Evolution, Infopia USA, LLC) [20] Oral sucrose and starch tolerance tests (OSuTT and OStTT, respectively) were conducted in male normoglycemic fasted mice. These were randomly divided into seven groups (n = 6), as follows: the vehicle group treated with the vehicle (2% Tween 80 in water); the sucrose group treated with the vehicle + sucrose (3 g/kg −1 ); five groups treated with EESpS (300 mg/kg −1 ), EtOAcFr (200 mg/kg −1 ), OA and UA (50 mg/kg −1 ); and a group treated with acarbose (50 mg/kg −1 ), an α-glucosidase inhibitor, used as the pharmacological control.…”

“…Blood glucose levels were measured by puncturing the caudal vein before the administration of treatments (0 h), and 30, 60, 90, and 120 min after administration. Blood glucose levels (mg/dL) were determined by the enzymatic glucose oxidase method (Evolution, Infopia USA, LLC) [20]. 4.5.5.…”

Uncommon Terpenoids from Salvia Species: Chemistry, Biosynthesis and Biological Activities

“…The most well-recognized species such as S. officinalis (common sage), S. miltiorrhiza (red sage; Danshen in Chinese), S. lavandulifolia (Spanish sage), S. sclarea (clary sage), S. hispanica (chia), S. triloba , and S. mirzayanii (a potent anti-diabetic plant in Iran) have been used extensively as medicinal plants in folk medicine in several countries, and some species are cultivated worldwide for culinary purposes [ 8 , 9 ]. Moreover, some species of Salvia also exhibit interesting pharmacological activities such as anti-Alzheimer’s and cognitive-enhancing ( S. miltiorrhiza [ 10 ], S. officinalis [ 11 ], and S. lavandulaefolia [ 12 ]); antidepressant ( S. sclarea [ 13 ] and S. elegans [ 14 ]); cardiovascular ( S. hispanica L. [ 15 ]); anti-hyperglycemic/hyperlipidemic ( S. amarissima Ortega [ 16 ], S. splendens (scarlet sage) [ 17 ], and S. hydrangea [ 18 ]); hypotensive ( S. cinnabarina [ 19 ]); anti-inflammatory ( S. circinnata Cav. [ 20 ], S. rosmarinus Spenn.…”