Antimelanogenic Effects of Picrionoside A Isolated from the Leaves of Korean Ginseng

Abstract

This study was initiated to isolate active metabolites from the leaves of Panax ginseng. Among them, picrionoside A, a megastigmane glucoside, was isolated from the leaves of P. ginseng C. A. MEYER and its chemical structure was determined based on spectroscopic methods, including FAB-MS, one-dimensional (1D)-NMR, 2D-NMR, and IR spectroscopy. Picrionoside A from P. ginseng has not been investigated previously, and its biological or pharmaceutical activities have not been reported elsewhere. The IC 50 value of mushroom tyrosinase-inhibitory activity of picrionoside A was 9.8 µM, and the rate of inhibition of synthesized melanin content in melan-a cells was 17.1% at a concentration of 80 µM without cytotoxicity. Furthermore, picrionoside A dramatically reduced body pigmentation in the zebrafish model. Taken together, the results suggest that picrionoside A isolated from the leaves of P. ginseng may be an effective skin-whitening agent that could be a potent candidate material in the cosmetic industry. Key words Panax ginseng; picrionoside A; melanogenesis; tyrosinasePanax ginseng C. A. MEYER is a very famous traditional medicinal herbs and many studies have reported the chemical constituents of the root of P. ginseng. The more than 120 kinds of ginsenosides have been isolated and studies the various beneficial bioactive effects such as a immunomodulatory, nutritional fortification, anti-diabetic, anti-carcinogenic as well as anti-oxidant activities. [1][2][3][4][5] Although the ginsenoside has a major compounds of P. ginseng and represents the most therapeutic values of P. ginseng, recent attentions are given into the other compounds such as a polysaccharide, phytosterols, peptides, polyacetylenes, fatty acid and polyacetylenic alcohol.

Melanogenesis inhibition activity of floralginsenoside A from Panax ginseng berry

“…In recent years, it not only is used for its effect on the skin, but is also clearly a scientific approach for the treatment of various diseases [23] , [24] . It has been reported that several ginsenosides and cinnamic acid are inhibitory agents of melanogenesis, and are found mainly in P. ginseng [11] , [25] , [26] . Therefore, we studied the expression of a protein found in melanin synthesis by nontoxic FGA (it has not been studied with respect to the physiological activities, as mentioned in the introduction) in melan-a cells.…”

Skin whitening agents: medicinal chemistry perspective of tyrosinase inhibitors

“… Chemical structure of miscellaneous tyrosinase inhibitors, 44a – 44c , 128 4 5 129 46a – 46c, 130 47a – 47c, 131 48a – 48b , 132 49 133 50 135 51a – 51e 136 and 52 . 139 .…”

Discovery of new depigmenting compounds and their efficacy to treat hyperpigmentation: Evidence from in vitro study

“…Melanoma cell lines were normally grown in medium such as McCoy’s 5A, Dulbecco’s modified Eagle’s medium (DMEM), Ham’s F12/DMEM, Ham’s F12, DMEM, MEM, or RPMI‐1640 . In particular, DMEM with high glucose content is more preferable for growth of B16 cell lines and melanin synthesis than other media .…”

“…McCoy's 5A, Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium (DMEM), Ham's F12/DMEM, Ham's F12, DMEM, MEM, or RPMI-1640. 70,74,109,111,118 In particular, DMEM with high glucose content is more preferable for growth of B16 cell lines and melanin synthesis than other media. 7 High glucose media may provide sufficient energy in a form of ATP to support fast cell proliferation of melanoma cell line.…”