Antimetastatic Potential of Rhodomyrtone on Human Chondrosarcoma SW1353 Cells

Abstract

Chondrosarcoma is primary bone cancer, with the forceful capacity to cause local invasion and distant metastasis, and has a poor prognosis. Cancer metastasis is a complication of most cancers; it is one of the leading causes of cancer-related death. Rhodomyrtone is a pure compound that has been shown to induce apoptosis and antimetastasis in skin cancer. However, the inhibitory effect of rhodomyrtone on human chondrosarcoma cell metastasis is largely unknown. Effect of rhodomyrtone on cell viability in SW1353 cell was determined by MTT assay. Antimigration, anti-invasion, and antiadhesion were carried out to investigate the antimetastatic potential of rhodomyrtone on SW1353 cells. Gelatin zymography was performed to determine matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) and MMP-9 activities. The effect of rhodomyrtone on the underlying mechanisms was performed by Western blot analysis. The results demonstrated that rhodomyrtone reduced cell viability of SW1353 cells at the low concentration (<3 μg/mL); cell viability was >80%. Rhodomyrtone at the subcytotoxic concentrations (0.5, 1.5, and 3 μg/mL) significantly inhibited cell migration, invasion, and adhesion of SW1353 cells in a dose-dependent fashion. Protein expression of integrin αv, integrin β3, and the downstream migratory proteins including focal adhesion kinase (FAK) and the phosphorylation of serine/threonine AKT, Ras, RhoA, Rac1, and Cdc42 were inhibited after treatment with rhodomyrtone. Moreover, we found that rhodomyrtone decreased the protein level of MMP-2 and MMP-9 as well as the enzyme activity in SW1353 cells. Meanwhile, tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 (TIMP-1) and TIMP-2 expression was increased in a dose-dependent fashion. Besides, rhodomyrtone dramatically inhibited the expression of growth factor receptor-bound protein-2 (GRB2) and the phosphorylated form of extracellular signal regulation kinase1/2 (ERK1/2) and c-Jun N-terminal kinase1/2 (JNK1/2). These results indicated that rhodomyrtone inhibited SW1353 cell migration, invasion, and metastasis by suppressing integrin αvβ3/FAK/AKT/small Rho GTPases pathway as well as downregulation of MMP-2/9 via ERK and JNK signal inhibition. These findings indicate that rhodomyrtone possessed the antimetastasis activity that may be used for antimetastasis therapy in the future.

PDGF-β and IL-18 Expressions on Carcinoma Cervical by Rhodomyrtus tomentosa

“…Successful cancer treatment can be achieved by utilizing the proper antioxidant inhibitors and/or free radical-producing agents. In addition to aryl phloroglucinol, flavonoids, tannins and triterpenes, this plant extract has numerous advantages for cell repair [24][25][26] . The molecular and cellular effects of PDGF inhibition in cervical cells were examined using microarray technology, which revealed changes in gene expression brought on by PDGF silence 27 .…”

“…It has been demonstrated that antioxidants help lessen the hazardous side effects of cancer treatment 25 . Antioxidantcontaining plants, such as Rhodomyrtus tomentosa, have been linked to effective cancer treatment with low side effects, which is the basis for the antioxidant intervention 25,26 .…”

“…However, IL-18 has been linked to the advancement of the disease and in some malignancies, with the likelihood of recurrence and is raised in the blood of the majority of cancer patients [17][18][19] . It is also addressed how Rhodomyrtone, a bioactive substance found in Rhodomyrtus tomentosa leaves, prevents A431 epidermoid carcinoma cells from spreading malignancy 25,26 . In addition, Rhodomyrtone inhibited invasion, migration and metastasis of SW1353 cells, indicating that it has antimetastatic qualities and may one day be employed in antimetastatic therapy 25,26 .…”

“…It is also addressed how Rhodomyrtone, a bioactive substance found in Rhodomyrtus tomentosa leaves, prevents A431 epidermoid carcinoma cells from spreading malignancy 25,26 . In addition, Rhodomyrtone inhibited invasion, migration and metastasis of SW1353 cells, indicating that it has antimetastatic qualities and may one day be employed in antimetastatic therapy 25,26 .…”

Network Pharmacology-Based Strategy to Investigate the Mechanisms of Cibotium barometz in Treating Osteoarthritis

“…The SW1353 cell line (ATCC, USA) was first separated from a primary chondrosarcoma of the right humerus of a 72-year-old Caucasian female [ 34 ]. Due to resembling chondrocytes phenotypically, SW1353 cells were often applied to exploring the mechanisms of OA [ 35 ].…”