This study was carried out as a result of the belief that certain medicinal plants have antimicrobial activity against
pathogenic bacteria and fungi species, hence the in vitro antimicrobial activity of the extract and fractions of
Euphorbia graminea was performed against bacteria (Staphyloccocus aureus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas
aeruginosa) and fungal (Candida albican) non-clinical isolates. The methanol extract of Euphorbia graminea
was fractionated via solvent-solvent partitioning and vacuum liquid chromatographic techniques and the
corresponding fractions were tested for phytochemicals and were biologically tested against the organisms
employing the agar well diffusion method. While the extract and partitioned fractions were tested at
concentrations between 4.69-300 mg/mL, the vlc subfractions were tested at 12.50-200 mg/mL against the
organisms. The MIC of the active vlc subfractions was also tested (9.38-37.5 mg/mL). The alkaloids as well as
glycosides, tannins, terpenes and steroids were detected among the extracts and fractions of E. graminea. The
extract showed mild activities against the test organisms with the highest zone of inhibition of 7.00 mm recorded
at 300 mg/mL against S.aureus. The activities of both extract at 300 mg/mL, showed notable increase against
the organisms used, with zones of inhibition of the aqueous extract been 10.50 and 9.50mm and for the
chloroform extract, 16.50 and 13.05mm (S. aureus and E. coli respectively). The vlc sub-fraction 6-8 (C) among
the other subfractions was more potent against S. aureus, E. coli and C. albican as 16.50, 12.00 and 0.50 mm
zones of inhibition were recorded at 100 mg/mL. The zones of inhibition against these organisms later increased
to 20.00, 18.50 and 15.00 mm at 200 mg/mL. This study has highlighted the fact that the plant E. graminea has
antimicrobial activity which occurs more in the partitioned chloroform and its chromatographic vacuum liquid
subfraction (6-8) that gave the highest activity. However, in order to isolate the active biological components
and to determine their safety in drug production, further studies are needed.