Antimicrobial Activity of Cerium Oxide Nanoparticles on Opportunistic Microorganisms: A Systematic Review

Abstract

An evaluation of studies of biologically active nanoparticles provides guidance for the synthesis of nanoparticles with the goal of developing new antibiotics/antifungals to combat microbial resistance. This review article focuses on the physicochemical properties of cerium oxide nanoparticles (CeNPs) with antimicrobial activity. Method. This systematic review followed the Guidelines for Transparent Reporting of Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses. Results. Studies have confirmed the antimicrobial activity of CeNPs (synthesized by different routes) using nitrate or chloride salt precursors and having sizes less than 54 nm. Conclusion. Due to the lack of standardization in studies with respect to the bacteria and CeNP concentrations assayed, comparisons between studies to determine more effective routes of synthesis are difficult. The mechanism of CeNP action likely occurs through oxidative stress of components in the cell membrane of the microorganism. During this process, a valence change occurs on the CeNP surface in which an electron is gained and Ce4+ is converted to Ce3+.

Comparative evaluation of the antibacterial activity of Glass ionomer restoration incorporated with different metal oxides Nanoparticles on oral Streptococcus mutans

“…Christiano et al revealed that CeO2-NPs showed an antibacterial effect on SM when incorporated in 10% concentration with dental composite [31] . Also, CeO2-NPs revealed less antibacterial activity against gram positive bacteria as SM, which difficult to be penetrated with CeO2-NPs [22] . This fact could explain the lower antibacterial activity of CeO2-NPs in relation to ZnO-NPs, which have a higher antibacterial effect against gram positive bacteria [32,33] .…”

“…Among the metal oxides, the Nano particulate cerium oxide (CeO2-NPs) which belongs to lanthanide series and is a rare earth metal oxide, with antibacterial properties against many types of bacteria [21,22] .…”

Antibacterial mechanism and activity of cerium oxide nanoparticles

“…Besides, green chemistry methods using extracts from plants, fruits, and fungi have also attracted increasing attention recently due to their environment-friendliness, cost-effectiveness and scalability for industrial production. Different synthesis methods and correlated toxicities are summarized in Table 1 [60,61]. As mentioned above, a lower Ce(III)/Ce(IV) ratio is correlated with higher anti-cancer and anti-bacteria efficiency.…”

Skirmishing MDR strain of Candida albicans by effective antifungal CeO2 nanostructures using Aspergillus terreus and Talaromyces purpurogenus

“…FTIR spectra were analyzed and illustrated for functional groups analysis of CeO 2 NPs (figure 4). CeO 2 nanostructures by Aspergillus terreus exhibited peaks at 468 cm −1 , 550 cm −1 and 833.5 cm −1 which shows the Ce-O stretch [23,24]. The bands at 2432 and 3425 cm −1 correspond to the vibrational bending of H-O-H and O-H bonds [25,26].…”

“…Nanostructures might affect the cell by attacking the cell wall structures and permeabilize into the cell. They inhibit the growth or kill the cells by inhibition of certain pathways such as RNA or protein synthesis inhibition, metabolic pathways inhibition and synthesis of cell wall structures inhibition [23]. Another action of mechanism could be the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) due to the electrostatic interaction between nanostructures and cell wall of Candida albicans [28] (figure 9).…”