Antimicrobial activity of free and liposome-encapsulated thymol and carvacrol against Salmonella and Staphylococcus aureus adhered to stainless steel

Engel, Juliana Both; Heckler, Caroline; Tondo, Eduardo César; Daroit, Daniel Joner; Malheiros, Patrícia da Silva

doi:10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2017.04.003

Cited by 138 publications

(75 citation statements)

References 54 publications

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“…The MIC of Thy varied from 0·01 to 0·02% and Carv from 0·02 to 0·04%, including MRSA strain, which differed with Engel et al . () who reported a MIC of Thy and Carv of 0·66 mg ml −1 and with Rodrigues et al . () who reported a MIC of Carv of 0·0025% (v/v) against S. aureus .…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 57%

“…The MIC of Thy varied from 0Á01 to 0Á02% and Carv from 0Á02 to 0Á04%, including MRSA strain, which differed with Engel et al (2017) who reported a MIC of Thy and Carv of 0Á66 mg ml À1 and with Rodrigues et al (2017) who reported a MIC of Carv of 0Á0025% (v/v) against S. aureus. The exposure to Carv at low concentrations induces an increase in the level of unbranched fatty acids and at higher concentrations severely damages the integrity and morphology of S. aureus cell membrane.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 67%

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Antibiotic‐resistantStaphylococcus aureusstrains of swine origin: molecular typing and susceptibility to oregano (Origanum vulgareL.) essential oil and maqui (Aristotelia chilensis(Molina) Stuntz) extract

et al. 2019

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Aim The molecular typing and the susceptibility of Staphylococcus aureus strains of swine origin to antibiotics, oregano (Origanum vulgare L.) essential oil (EO) and Chilean blackberry maqui (Aristotelia chilensis (Molina) Stuntz) extract were determined. Methods and Results Twenty S. aureus strains of swine origin were subjected to molecular typing, of which six strains were selected for antimicrobial susceptibility testing. The epsilon test (Etest) was used to determine the antibiotic susceptibility. The susceptibility to natural antimicrobials (NAs): oregano EO, maqui extract, thymol (Thy) and carvacrol (Carv), was carried out using the disk diffusion method. The S. aureus strains were genetically diverse. All strains were resistant to at least one class of antibiotic, and two strains were multidrug‐resistant. The minimum inhibitory concentration of oregano EO, Thy and Carv was 0·01–0·04%. Maqui extract did not show antistaphylococcal activity. Conclusions Natural antimicrobials extracted from oregano have an inhibitory activity against S. aureus strains from swine origin, with no effect using maqui extract. Significance and Impact of the Study This study provides information about the characteristics of S. aureus strains of swine origin, and about the potential use of NAs from oregano to enhance the control of antibiotic‐resistant S. aureus strains in the pork supply chain.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 57%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 67%

Antibiotic‐resistantStaphylococcus aureusstrains of swine origin: molecular typing and susceptibility to oregano (Origanum vulgareL.) essential oil and maqui (Aristotelia chilensis(Molina) Stuntz) extract

et al. 2019

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“…This finding is not surprising since the antimicrobial activity of carvacrol has already been reported against several foodborne pathogens (Friedman, 2014;Nostro & Papalia, 2012), and resistant isolates (Memar, Raei, Alizadeh, Aghdam, & Kafil, 2017). In addition, similar MIC values (0.025-0.03%) have been reported for pure carvacrol against S. Typhimurium (Kamlesh et al, 2013) and S. enterica (Engel, Heckler, Tondo, Daroit, & da Silva Malheiros, 2017).…”

Section: Antimicrobial Activity Of Eossupporting

confidence: 77%

Sanitizing food contact surfaces by the use of essential oils

Falcó

Verdeguer

Aznar

et al. 2019

Innovative Food Science & Emerging Technologies

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Chemical sanitizers continue to be widely used by the food industry to disinfect food contact surfaces. However, as some chemical disinfectants have been reported to produce unhealthy byproducts, alternative and natural compounds need to be investigated. To this end, nine essential oils (EOs) were screened to develop a natural sanitizing solution (SAN) for disinfecting food contact surfaces. Once extracted, their antimicrobial activity and chemical composition were determined. An exploratory multivariate approach was used to investigate the relationships between the chemical and microbiological data sets. Among the tested EOs, Thymbra capitata EO, containing up to 93.31% oxygenated monoterpenes (mainly carvacrol), showed the strongest antimicrobial activity and thus was assayed as a potential SAN for food contact surfaces. To this end, a SAN consisting of 1% T. capitata EO was first validated according to the AOAC standard, which showed about an 8 log reduction for Escherichia coli and Salmonella enterica after 30 and 60 seconds of contact time, respectively. Then, the SAN was evaluated at various concentrations, cleanliness conditions, and contact times on stainless steel, glass, and polypropylene surfaces for sanitizing purposes. The results showed that the SAN containing 2.5% of T. capitata EO applied for 10 min, reduced the levels of E. coli by more than 3 log and S. enterica by 1 log under clean working conditions on the three tested surfaces. These findings indicate that EOs can be used as natural disinfectants to decontaminate food contact surfaces, thus lowering the risk of the indirect transfer of bacterial pathogens to food or persons.

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“…The antimicrobial properties of carvacrol directed against food-borne pathogens such as C. jejuni [26,29,30,37] Salmonella spp. [37,[43][44][45], Escherichia coli O157:H7 [46] and Bacillus cereus [47,48] have been shown in vitro recently. Synthetic carvacrol was, however, more effective against Gram-negative bacteria than against Gram-positive species [49].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Carvacrol ameliorates acute campylobacteriosis in a clinical murine infection model

et al. 2020

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Background: The prevalence of human infections with the zoonotic pathogen Campylobacter jejuni is rising worldwide. Therefore, the identification of compounds with potent anti-pathogenic and anti-inflammatory properties for future therapeutic and/or preventive application to combat campylobacteriosis is of importance for global health. Results of recent studies suggested carvacrol (4-isopropyl-2-methylphenol) as potential candidate molecule for the treatment of campylobacteriosis in humans and for the prevention of Campylobacter colonization in farm animals. Results:To address this in a clinical murine infection model of acute campylobacteriosis, secondary abiotic IL-10 −/− mice were subjected to synthetic carvacrol via the drinking water starting 4 days before peroral C. jejuni challenge. Whereas at day 6 post-infection placebo treated mice suffered from acute enterocolitis, mice from the carvacrol cohort not only harbored two log orders of magnitude lower pathogen loads in their intestines, but also displayed significantly reduced disease symptoms. Alleviated campylobacteriosis following carvacrol application was accompanied by less distinct intestinal apoptosis and pro-inflammatory immune responses as well as by higher numbers of proliferating colonic epithelial cells. Remarkably, the inflammation-ameliorating effects of carvacrol treatment were not restricted to the intestinal tract, but could also be observed in extra-intestinal organs such as liver, kidneys and lungs and, strikingly, systemically as indicated by lower IFN-γ, TNF, MCP-1 and IL-6 serum concentrations in carvacrol versus placebo treated mice. Furthermore, carvacrol treatment was associated with less frequent translocation of viable C. jejuni originating from the intestines to extra-intestinal compartments. Conclusion: The lowered C. jejuni loads and alleviated symptoms observed in the here applied clinical murine model for human campylobacteriosis highlight the application of carvacrol as a promising novel option for both, the treatment of campylobacteriosis and hence, for prevention of post-infectious sequelae in humans, and for the reduction of C. jejuni colonization in the intestines of vertebrate lifestock animals.

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Antimicrobial activity of free and liposome-encapsulated thymol and carvacrol against Salmonella and Staphylococcus aureus adhered to stainless steel

Cited by 138 publications

References 54 publications

Antibiotic‐resistantStaphylococcus aureusstrains of swine origin: molecular typing and susceptibility to oregano (Origanum vulgareL.) essential oil and maqui (Aristotelia chilensis(Molina) Stuntz) extract

Antibiotic‐resistantStaphylococcus aureusstrains of swine origin: molecular typing and susceptibility to oregano (Origanum vulgareL.) essential oil and maqui (Aristotelia chilensis(Molina) Stuntz) extract

Sanitizing food contact surfaces by the use of essential oils

Carvacrol ameliorates acute campylobacteriosis in a clinical murine infection model

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