Antimicrobial efficacy of silver, zinc oxide, and titanium dioxide nanoparticles incorporated in orthodontic bonding agent

Abstract

Background: One of the most important complications of fixed orthodontic treatment is formation of white spots, which are initial carious lesions. Addition of antimicrobial agents into orthodontic adhesive material might be wise solution for prevention of white spots formation. The aim of this study was to evaluate the antibacterial properties of orthodontic adhesive primer against S. Mutans after adding the three different types of nanoparticles (Ag, ZnO, or TiO2). Materials and methods: Discs were prepared using empty insulin syringe approximately 2 mm×2 mm rounded in shape specimens (40 discs) were divided into four groups (ten discs for each group): The first group was the control (made from primer only), the second group (10 discs made from primer and incorporation of Ag NPs), the third group (10 discs made from primer and incorporation of ZnO NPs), and the fourth group (10 discs made from primer and incorporation of TiO2 NPs). The antibacterial properties of orthodontic bonding agent after incorporation of (Ag, ZnO, or TiO2) nanoparticles were evaluated by disc diffusion test and viable count of mutans streptococci. Results: The results of this study showed that there were high significant differences between the all groups using ANOVA F-test, and the colony forming unit were 99×10³, 39.6×10³, 19.4×10³, 6.6×10³ CFU/mL respectively. Conclusion: The incorporation of these nanoparticles (Ag, ZnO, or TiO2) into Transbond ™ XT adhesive primer helps to enhance the antibacterial properties of primer against the S. mutans.

Evaluation of the cell viability and antimicrobial effects of orthodontic bands coated with silver or zinc oxide nanoparticles: An in vitro study

“…Nevertheless, these small reductions may also be clinically relevant. The results of some previous studies [33][34][35] contradict our results. Kasraei et al 33 concluded that ZnO had a more significant antimicrobial effect than Ag against S. mutans, but there was no difference between the two nanoparticles' antimicrobial effect against L. acidophilus.…”

“…Hailan and Al-Khatieeb 34 demonstrated a reduction in the number of S. mutans colonies around primer discs containing nano-ZnO and nano-Ag, which is consistent with our results. However, in their study, the antimicrobial effect of nano-ZnO against S. mutans was significantly higher than that of nano-Ag, which is inconsistent with the results of our study.…”

“…However, in their study, the antimicrobial effect of nano-ZnO against S. mutans was significantly higher than that of nano-Ag, which is inconsistent with the results of our study. 34 These differences might be attributed to the size of the nanoparticles used; in their study, the nano-ZnO (50 nm) was smaller than the nano-Ag (80 nm), while in our study, the average size of both nanoparticles was 20 nm. The concentration of both nanoparticles in the primer in the study of Hailan and Al-Khatieeb 34 was 1%.…”

Polymeric Dental Nanomaterials: Antimicrobial Action

“…In a comparison of antibacterial activities against S. mutans in three groups of Transbond XT acrylate composites modified with Ag NPs, ZnO NPs, and TiO 2 NPs, the viable bacterial count decreased in all cases. Nevertheless, the antibacterial activity was higher for the TiO 2 NP-containing group than for the Ag NPs and ZnO NP-containing groups, which is due to smaller size of TiO 2 NPs (25 nm) compared with Ag NPs (80 nm) and ZnO NPs (50 nm) [ 87 ].…”

An overview of recent progress in dental applications of zinc oxide nanoparticles

“…163,164 Addition of antimicrobial agents to orthodontic material can minimize enamel demineralization. 165 Antimicrobial NPs like ZnO NPs are used mostly in orthodontic applications, including nano-adhesives, composites and GICs. 161 Table 7 summarizes studies examining the use of ZnO NPs in orthodontic applications.…”