Antimicrobial efficacy of Thymbra capitata (L.) Cav. essential oil loaded in self-assembled zein nanoparticles in combination with heat

Merino, Natalia; Berdejo, Daniel; Bento, Ricardo Ferreira; Salman, Hesham; Lanz, Maria; Maggi, Filippo; Sánchez-Gómez, Susana; García-Gonzalo, Diego; Pagán, Rafael

doi:10.1016/j.indcrop.2019.03.003

Cited by 60 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…The essential oil chemical profile herein described for a wild population growing in Malta resulted consistent with that previously reported by Merino et al [53] for a Spanish accession. Indeed, the latter was characterized by carvacrol (73.8%), p -cymene (9.2%), and γ-terpinene (5.3%).…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 89%

The Essential Oil of Thymbra capitata and its Application as A Biocide on Stone and Derived Surfaces

Candela

Maggi

Lazzara

et al. 2019

Plants

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Many chemicals used nowadays for the preservation of cultural heritage pose a risk to both human health and the environment. Thus, it is desirable to find new and eco-friendly biocides that can replace the synthetic ones. In this regard, plant essential oils represent effective alternatives to synthetic substances for the preservation of historical monuments. Thymbra capitata (syn. Thymus capitatus) is a medicinal and aromatic plant growing in the Mediterranean area and endowed with important pharmacological properties related to its essential oil. Among them, the antimicrobial ones make the T. capitata essential oil an ideal candidate for industrial applications; for instance, as biocide for the inhibition and elimination of biological patinas of cyanobacteria and green algae on historical monuments. In the present work, we studied the chemical composition of the essential oil from T. capitata growing in Malta by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS). The major volatile component is the phenolic monoterpene carvacrol (73.2%), which is capable of damaging the cytoplasmic membrane and to interfere both in the growth curve and in the invasive capacity, though the contribution of minor components γ-terpinene and p-cymene cannot be disregarded. For the oil application on the stone surface, Pickering emulsions systems were prepared with an essential oil/water 1:3 mass ratio stabilized with kaolinite at 4 mass% in the presence of Laponite®; this allowed to limit the fast volatility of the oil and guaranteed a better application and an easier removal from the artefacts attacked by biodeteriogens both indoor and outdoor. This formulation caused the elimination of biodeteriogens from treated surfaces without residuals or films on artworks surface, and the effect was retained up to four months.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 89%

The Essential Oil of Thymbra capitata and its Application as A Biocide on Stone and Derived Surfaces

Candela

Maggi

Lazzara

et al. 2019

Plants

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“…The EE was determined by carvacrol quantification via HPLC as described before. 44 The ζ-potential of the NCs was determined using a Zetasizer Nano ZS (Malvern Instruments Inc., UK). The NCs average size, size distribution, and number of NCs per milliliter were assessed by NTA using the NanoSight NS 300 (Malvern Instruments Inc., UK) in flow mode and software NTA 3.2 to capture several frames of the NCs suspension, obtaining the final concentration and the hydrodynamic diameter of the NCs.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antibody-Enabled Antimicrobial Nanocapsules for Selective Elimination of Staphylococcus aureus

Ivanova

Ramon

et al. 2020

ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces

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Targeted bactericide nanosystems hold significant promise to improve the efficacy of existing antimicrobials for treatment of severe bacterial infections, minimizing the side effects and lowering the risk of the development of antibiotic resistance. In this work, we developed antibody-functionalized nanocapsules (NCs) containing antibacterial essential oil (EO) for selective and effective eradication of Staphylococcus aureus . Antibacterial EO NCs were produced via self-assembly nanoencapsulation in the plant-derived protein zein. The obtained EO NCs were decorated with aminocellulose to provide more reactive surface groups for carboxyl-to-amine immobilization of a antibody that is specific against S. aureus . The antibody-enabled EO NCs (Ab@EO NCs) demonstrated 2-fold higher bactericidal efficacy against the targeted bacterium compared to the pristine EO NCs at the same concentrations. The improved antibacterial effect of the Ab@EO NCs toward S. aureus was also confirmed in a real-time assay by monitoring bacterial cells elimination using a quartz crystal microbalance. Furthermore, the Ab@EO NCs selectively decreased the load and changed the cell morphology of the targeted S. aureus in a mixed inoculum with nontargeted Pseudomonas aeruginosa . Applying the nanoformulated antibacterial actives to an in vitro coculture model of the bacteria and skin fibroblasts resulted in suppression of S. aureus growth while preserving the human cells viability. The novel antibody-enabled antibacterial NCs showed potential for improving the treatment efficacy of staphylococcal infections, minimally affecting the beneficial microbial and human cells.

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“…One of the techniques most widely used to address these limitations has been encapsulation, comprising a wide and varied range of procedures such as freeze drying, spray drying, coacervation, gelation, precipitation and nanoemulsion, 4,5 as well as a wide range of encapsulating agents such as maltodextrins, gums, starch, chitosan, proteins and zeins 4–7 …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modified cyclodextrin type and dehydration methods exert a significant effect on the antimicrobial activity of encapsulated carvacrol and thymol

et al. 2021

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BACKGROUND The antimicrobial activity of essential oils and their constituents has led to increasing interest in using them as natural preservative agents. However, their high sensitivity to light and oxygen, their volatility and their low aqueous solubility are all obstacles to their application in the food, cosmetic or pharmaceutical industries. Encapsulation in cyclodextrins (CDs) is a solution for the application of such essential oils. RESULTS The complexation of carvacrol and thymol with hydroxypropyl (HP)‐α‐, HP‐β‐ and HP‐γ‐CD, the behavior of the solid complexes prepared by freeze‐drying and spray‐drying methods and the antibacterial activity of solid complexes were studied. Kc values of HP‐α‐ and HP‐γ‐CD complexes with carvacrol (118.4 and 365.7 L mol−1) and thymol (112.5 and 239.7 L mol −1) were far lower than those observed for HP‐β‐CD complexes with carvacrol (2268.2 L mol −1) and thymol (881.6 L mol −1). The lower stability of HP‐α‐ and HP‐γ‐CD complexes increased the release of compounds, thereby affecting the antimicrobial activity of carvacrol and thymol to a lesser extent than complexation with HP‐β‐CD, normally used in the encapsulation of carvacrol and thymol. HP‐β‐CD encapsulation of carvacrol and thymol markedly reduced their antimicrobial activity. The freeze‐drying method barely affected the antimicrobial activity of carvacrol and thymol after encapsulation, while spray drying could be considered for the production of solid complexes in combination with the appropriate CD. CONCLUSIONS It was thus demonstrated that HP‐α‐ and HP‐γ‐CD are very suitable alternatives for the encapsulation of carvacrol and thymol with the purpose of preserving their bacteriostatic and bactericidal activities. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry

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Antimicrobial efficacy of Thymbra capitata (L.) Cav. essential oil loaded in self-assembled zein nanoparticles in combination with heat

Cited by 60 publications

References 37 publications

The Essential Oil of Thymbra capitata and its Application as A Biocide on Stone and Derived Surfaces

The Essential Oil of Thymbra capitata and its Application as A Biocide on Stone and Derived Surfaces

Antibody-Enabled Antimicrobial Nanocapsules for Selective Elimination of Staphylococcus aureus

Modified cyclodextrin type and dehydration methods exert a significant effect on the antimicrobial activity of encapsulated carvacrol and thymol

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