Antimicrobial resistance among Campylobacter isolates from poultry and human of different localities in Egypt

Abstract

The present study was carried out to screen and analyze the characteristics of antibiotic resistance in Campylobacter strains isolated frompoultry and human in the poultry farms of different localities in Egypt. A total of 340 samples were taken from poultry and human from poultry farms and examined bacteriologically for isolation of Campylobacter organisms. Fifty-six (16.47%) samples were identified as Campylobacter-positive; 50 (14.71%) from poultry samples and 6(1.76%) from human samples using conventional method. The isolates were42 (12.35%) isolates for C. jejuni including 38 (12.67%) from poultry samples and4(10%) from human samples. Isolates for C. coli were 14 (4.12%) including 12 (4%) from poultry samples and 2 (5%) from human samples detected. All Campylobacter isolates were evaluated for their antibiotic susceptibilities. Results of Antibiogram revealed that Campylobacter isolates were resistant to one or more of the antibiotics tested. Resistance was most frequently observed against streptomycin (96.4%) amoxicillin (94.6%), doxycycline (87.5%), Ampicillin (83.9%), nalidixic acid (85.7%), erythromycin and ciprofloxacin (82.1%). C. jejuni strains were often resistant to cephalothin (35.7%) than C. coli strains (42.8%). C. coli were sensitive to erythromycin and Streptomycin (100%). C. jejuni was an increase sensitive to amoxicillin and streptomycin (95.2%). The trend of resistance to gentamicin (28.6%) and tetracycline (50%) was observed for C. jejuni. The present study provides an assessment of the occurrence of multidrug resistance of Campylobacter isolates from chicken samples collected from the poultry farms in different localities in Egypt. The antimicrobial resistance rates among these pathogens are clearly important in risk assessment and management. Further research is also needed to better understand the relationship between antimicrobial used in poultry and humans and the bacterial resistance in humans.

Macrolides and Fluoroquinolones Resistance Mechanisms in Campylobacters and their Incidence in Egypt; a Review Article

“…Although campylobacteriosis is endemic in Egypt and considered a major cause for pediatric diarrhea [135], fluoroquinolone and macrolide resistance, was recently documented to increase in the isolated strains in Egypt [136][137][138][139][140][141][142][143][144][145][146][147]. In the period from 1991 to 2016, several studies screened and analyzed the resistance pattern of macrolides and FQ in campylobacters, especially C. jejuni and C. coli, in chickens and humans in several Governorates in Egypt as shown in Tables 2 and 3 [136][137][138][139][140][141][142][143][144][145][146][147]. Putnam [137] analyzed the annual prevalence of macrolides resistance rate in Cairo from 1995 till 2000, which was 0%.…”

“…In 2006, marked increase in resistance level of macrolides was obviously observed in Mansoura Governorate (42.8%) by Omar [140], While, no resistance was reported in Fayoum Governorate [139]. Recently, different studies reported higher resistance rates of C. jejuni and C. coli in samples obtained from chickens and humans, 94.7% in Cairo [142], 83.3% in Zagazig [144] and 100% in Cairo, Giza, Kaliobia, Monefia, Fayoum and Zagazig [143,145]. Although the resistance rate of FQ was 0% in 1991 [136], the FQ resistance rates were early observed than macrolides [137].…”

“…A significant increased linear trend in the rates of resistance for FQ during the study period was observed, which reached 58.3% in 2000 from 16.7% in 1995 for C. jejuni. By 2006, different studies reported high FQ resistance rates of C. jejuni and C. coli in samples obtained from chickens and humans, 100% in Fayoum, Mansoura, Cairo and Zagazig [139,140,142,143], 83.3% in Cairo, Giza, Kaliobia, Monefia, Fayoum (for C. jejuni) [145] and 92.9% in Cairo, Giza, Kaliobia, Monefia, Fayoum (for C. coli) [145]. Thus, the study of the resistance mechanisms in C. jejuni and C. coli is important for both humans and veterinary health.…”