Antimicrobial Resistance Profiles and Clonal Relatedness of Canine and FelineEscherichia coliPathogens Expressing Multidrug Resistance in the United States

Abstract

Background: Antimicrobial resistance is increasing among Escherichia coli isolates associated with spontaneous infection in dogs and cats.Objectives: To describe E. coli resistance phenotypes and clonal relatedness and their regional prevalence. Animals: Isolates of E. coli (n 5 376) collected from dogs and cats in the United States between May and September 2005. Methods: Isolates submitted from the South, West, Northeast, and Midwest regions of the United States were prospectively studied. Phenotype was based on E-test susceptibility to 7 antimicrobials. Isolates were classified as no (NDR), single (SDR), or multidrug resistance (MDR). Clonal relatedness was determined by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE).Results: One hundred and ninety-three (51%) isolates expressed resistance to at least 1 drug, yielding 42 phenotypes. SDR isolates (n 5 84; 44%, 8 phenotypes), expressed resistance most commonly to amoxicillin (30%, n 5 25) and least commonly to cefpodoxime (1%, n 5 1). MDR isolates (n 5 109; 56%, 31 phenotypes) were resistant to amoxicillin (96%, n 5 105), amoxicillinclavulanate (85%, n 5 93), and enrofloxacin (64%, n 5 70); 18% (n 5 20) were resistant to all drugs tested. The frequency of MDR did not differ regionally (P 5 .066). MDR minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) were 6-fold higher than SDR MICs (P o .0001). Dendrograms of 91 isolates representing 25 phenotypes revealed 62 different PFGE profiles.Conclusions and Clinical Importance: E. coli strains spontaneously infecting dogs and cats are genetically and phenotypically diverse. Given the current prevalence of MDR among clinical isolates of E. coli in United States, implementation of a robust surveillance program is warranted.

Antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of clinical Escherichia coli isolates from dogs and cats in the United States: January 2008 through January 2013

“…However, as with previous investigations, this study confirmed that ENR resistance is highly associated with MDR isolates (with OR = 1.4; Tables 3 and S2; Karlowsky et al, 2006). In a previous publication, the study demonstrated that only 3% of the 84 E. coli isolates expressing single drug resistance were resistant to ENR, compared with 85% expressing SDR against b-lactams (Shaheen et al, 2010). Too, 50% of the isolates had an MIC of 0.03 or more and the MIC 90 of ENR is above the S-MIC BP .…”

A Cross‐Sectional Study Examining the Prevalence and Risk Factors for Anti‐Microbial‐Resistant Generic Escherichia coli in Domestic Dogs that Frequent Dog Parks in Three Cities in South‐Western Ontario, Canada

“…The prevalence of anti-microbial-resistant E. coli observed in this study is comparable to previous studies of dogs in Canada, which have reported the prevalence of anti-microbial resistance to range from 0 to 20% (Murphy et al, 2009(Murphy et al, , 2010Leonard et al, 2012). There have also been similar studies of anti-microbial resistance in dogs conducted in Europe, the United States and Japan, with varying prevalences of anti-microbial resistance, ranging from 0 to 76% (Normand et al, 2000;De Graef et al, 2004;Costa et al, 2008;Shaheen et al, 2010;Harada et al, 2011). The variability in reported prevalence among these studies may be due to difference in study locations because different countries may have different patterns of using anti-microbials among companion animals, and there may be different levels of anti-microbial resistance in the community (Guardabassi et al, 2004).…”

Characterisation of bacterial growth and antimicrobial susceptibility patterns in canine urinary tract infections

“…A similarly low ESC resistance in E. coli from dogs in Sweden was reported during 2010 – 2012 in SVARM, where approximately 1% of E. coli from UTIs in dogs had reduced susceptibility to cefotaxime (MIC > 1 mg/L) [33]. Higher prevalence of ESC resistant E. coli from various infections sites in dogs has been reported from other countries [4,34,37] and transmissible genes coding ESC resistance known to be common in isolates from humans have been found in bacteria isolated from pet animals [4,38,39]. In the present study, the only transmissible gene demonstrated was bla CMY2 , which in a contemporary study was found in only a small proportion of ESC resistant E. coli from humans in Sweden [33].…”