Antimicrobial Resistance Profiles of Staphylococcus aureus Isolated from Meat Carcasses and Bovine Milk in Abattoirs and Dairy Farms of the Eastern Cape, South Africa

Pekana, Abongile; Green, Ezekiel

doi:10.3390/ijerph15102223

Cited by 44 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…Linezolid resistance was detected in 2.3% of S. aureus isolated from pigs ( Table 1). The low linezolid resistance rate among pig isolates in this study was consistent with those reported in Korea in 2011 (2.9%) [18] and 2015 (0.14%) [19], but lower than a recent report in South Africa (14%) [14]. Similarly, S. aureus isolated from medical centers in various countries presented very low linezolid resistance rates (≈1%) [13,20,21].…”

Section: Prevalence and Antimicrobial Susceptibility Profiles Of Lr Ssupporting

confidence: 90%

“…Agreeing with our recent report [19], resistance was not observed among cattle and chicken isolates. In contrast, previous studies in Korea [18] and South Africa [14] reported that 1.2% and 9% of chicken and cattle carcass isolates, respectively, were resistant to linezolid. Linezolid is not approved for animal use in Korea.…”

Section: Prevalence and Antimicrobial Susceptibility Profiles Of Lr Smentioning

confidence: 59%

“…The occurrence of LR S. aureus in humans and food animals has been increasingly reported in many countries [6,[12][13][14][15]. Previous studies in South Korea (Korea) demonstrated the occurrence of linezolid resistance in S. aureus strains recovered from hospital patients [16,17], pigs, and chicken carcasses [18].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Emergence of cfr-Mediated Linezolid Resistance in Staphylococcus aureus Isolated from Pig Carcasses

et al. 2020

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Altogether, 2547 Staphylococcus aureus isolated from cattle (n = 382), pig (n = 1077), and chicken carcasses (n = 1088) during 2010–2017 were investigated for linezolid resistance and were further characterized using molecular methods. We identified linezolid resistance in only 2.3% of pig carcass isolates. The linezolid-resistant (LR) isolates presented resistance to multiple antimicrobials, including chloramphenicol, clindamycin, and tiamulin. Molecular investigation exhibited no mutations in the 23S ribosomal RNA. Nevertheless, we found mutations in ribosomal proteins rplC (G121A) and rplD (C353T) in one and seven LR strains, respectively. All the LR isolates carried the multi-resistance gene cfr, and six of them co-carried the mecA gene. Additionally, all the LR isolates co-carried the phenicol exporter gene, fexA, and presented a high level of chloramphenicol resistance. LR S. aureus isolates represented 10 genotypes, including major genotypes ST433-t318, ST541-t034, ST5-t002, and ST9-t337. Staphylococcal enterotoxin and leukotoxin-encoding genes, alone or in combination, were detected in 68% of LR isolates. Isolates from different farms presented identical or different pulsed-field gel electrophoresis patterns. Collectively, toxigenic and LR S. aureus strains pose a crisis for public health. This study is the first to describe the mechanism of linezolid resistance in S. aureus isolated from food animal products in Korea.

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Section: Prevalence and Antimicrobial Susceptibility Profiles Of Lr Ssupporting

confidence: 90%

Section: Prevalence and Antimicrobial Susceptibility Profiles Of Lr Smentioning

confidence: 59%

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Emergence of cfr-Mediated Linezolid Resistance in Staphylococcus aureus Isolated from Pig Carcasses

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“…A similar research conducted in Egypt revealed 78% of S. aureus isolates showed resistance to vancomycin and erythromycin, and 100% of the strains showed resistance to gentamycin (Osman et al, 2016). There are many studies in which S. aureus antibiotic-resistant strains have been identified in different food products (Hanson et al, 2011;Basanisi et al, 2017;Rong et al, 2017;Haskell et al, 2018;Pekana and Green, 2018;Wu et al, 2018).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in Slaughter Houses and Meat Shops in Capital Territory of Pakistan During 2018–2019

et al. 2020

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Livestock-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (LA-MRSA) is a major concern in many parts of the world, including Pakistan. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of MRSA in slaughterhouses and meat shops in Rawalpindi-Islamabad, Pakistan, 2018-2019. A total of 300 samples were collected: 40 from each of working area, tools (knives, hooks), butcher hands and beef, 30 from each of chicken and mutton, 20 from each of nasal and rectal swabs. S. aureus was phenotypically identified by performing gram staining and biochemical tests. 150 of the 300 samples were confirmed to be S. aureus by phenotypic identification. MRSA was identified among S. aureus positive isolates by performing disk diffusion test and by detecting S. aureus-specific genes such as 16s rRNA, nuc, mecA, spa, and coa. Out of 150 isolates 96 (63%) showed resistance to antibiotic cefoxitin, known as a potential marker for detecting MRSA. While all 150 isolates have shown complete resistance to the four antibiotics neomycin, methicillin, ciprofloxacin and tetracycline. The nuc and 16s rRNA genes were detected in all 150 S. aureus-positive isolates and 118 (79%) were confirmed to be MRSA through the detection of the mecA gene. MRSA prevalence was highest in chicken (23/30, 77%) followed by beef (25/40, 63%), mutton (15/30, 50%), knives (18/40, 45%), nasal swabs (7/20, 35%), working area (11/40, 28%), rectal swabs (5/20, 25%), hooks (7/40, 18%), and butcher hands (7/40, 18%). 50 MRSApositive isolates were chosen to identify two virulence factors (spa and coa gene). Of the 50 MRSA isolates subject to coa and spa gene typing, 27 (54%) were positive for the coa gene and 18 (36%) were positive for the spa gene, respectively. To the best of our knowledge, this was the first study on the molecular identification of MRSA in meat samples from Pakistan. High prevalence of MRSA in meat samples demand for implementation of proper hygienic practices and procedures during the slaughtering, transport and marketing of meat and meat products in order to prevent the spread of these bacteria to the human population.

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“…In this study, 77.8% of the test isolates were susceptible to Cefoxitin while 22.2% were resistant to the same antibiotic. The difference in susceptibility may be attributed to the membrane permeability of the isolates to the two drugs [39]. These values are lower than those obtained by Adekanmbi, Falodun.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 53%

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2024

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Abattoirs are springing up in several locations within Port Harcourt to ease access to meat products as well as reduce cost of purchase and transportation. However, the presence of several pathogenic and antibiotic resistant microorganisms in abattoirs as a result of wastes generated in the process of preparations, have of recent been a public health concern as little or no care is taken in ensuring safe and proper disposal of abattoir wastes as well as purity of the service water used in abattoirs. In this study, samples (blood, water, swab and faeces) from three abattoirs in Port Harcourt were obtained and the isolation of Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus was carried out using appropriate microbiological techniques. Methicillin resistance was determined using Cefoxitin and Oxacillin only while sensitivity tests were performed for other S. aureus isolates to different antibiotics using Gentamicin, Erythromycin, Augmentin, Ofloxacin, Cefuroxime, Ceftriaxone, Cloxacillin and Ceftazidime. Results obtained showed that MRSA was susceptible to Oxacillin with 39.6% and Cefoxitin with 44.4% from samples collected from Tran Amadi abattoir but showed intermediate resistance to isolates from Rumuodumaya and Iwofe abattoirs. The percentage occurrence of S. aureus was highest among the faecal samples with 58.3% while blood samples which is supposed to be sterile, was observed from this study to have staphylococcal counts of 1.4%. The multiple antibiotic sensitivity tests showed that S. aureus isolates were susceptible to Ofloxacin with 28mm as zones of inhibition; Gentamicin had 20mm and Ceftriaxone had 16mm while they were 100% resistant to Augmentin, Cefuroxime and Ceftazidime while erythromycin showed intermediate sensitivity. However, it was observed that out of the 144 Staphylococcus aureus isolates from the 3 sampling points, 22.2% were resistant to Cefoxitin while 26.4% were resistant to Oxacillin. This study suggests that different resistance genes may accumulate on a single mobile element, presenting a situation in which multiple antibiotic resistance can be acquired via a single genetic event. The versatility of bacterial populations in adapting to toxic environments, along with their facility in exchanging DNA, signifies that antibiotic resistance is an inevitable biological phenomenon that will likely continue to be a chronic medical problem.

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Antimicrobial Resistance Profiles of Staphylococcus aureus Isolated from Meat Carcasses and Bovine Milk in Abattoirs and Dairy Farms of the Eastern Cape, South Africa

Cited by 44 publications

References 49 publications

Emergence of cfr-Mediated Linezolid Resistance in Staphylococcus aureus Isolated from Pig Carcasses

Emergence of cfr-Mediated Linezolid Resistance in Staphylococcus aureus Isolated from Pig Carcasses

Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in Slaughter Houses and Meat Shops in Capital Territory of Pakistan During 2018–2019

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