Antimicrobial substances from Amazonian Aniba (Lauraceae) species

Abstract

Extracts and six isolated substances from Aniba (Lauraceae) Amazonian species A. parviflora, A. panurensis and A. rosaeodora were analysed in vitro to their antibacterial, antiparasitic and antiplasmodial activities. NMR and MS experiments led to the identification of three styrylpyrones (5,6-dihydrokawain [I], 4-methoxy-11,12-methylenedioxy-6-trans-styryl-pyran-2-one [II] and rel-(6R,7S,8S,5'S)-4 '-methoxy-8-(11,12-dimethoxyphenyl-7-[6-(4-methoxy-), a pyridine alkaloid (anibine [IV]) and two kavalactones (tetrahydroyangonin [V] and dihydromethysticin [VI]). The best antibacterial result was observed at the hexane fraction of A. panurensis (MIC 7.8 μg/mL against the three bacteria). Equal MIC were observed by the extract and dichloromethane fraction of A. panurensis against S. simulans and S. aureus; and 15.62 μg/mL against MRSA.Similarly, only A. panurensis extracts showed in vitro activities against Tripanossoma cruzi and Leishmania amazonensis parasites. In Plasmodium falciparum assay, 5,6-dihydrokawain was considered an active antimalarial (14.03 μM), and substances II (132.94 μM) and III (41.84 μM) presented moderate activities.

Aniba rosaeodora (Var. amazonica Ducke) Essential Oil: Chemical Composition, Antibacterial, Antioxidant and Antitrypanosomal Activity

“…The changes can be recognized both by changes in their organoleptic characteristics (aroma, color, taste, transparency, fluidity), as well as the values of their chemical and physical parameters. Thus the density, refractive index, solubility, color and appearance were analyzed and the physical characteristics of the essential oil were similar to the pattern described in previous studies of A. rosaeodora [ 14 ].…”

“…It is known that the bacterial cell wall influences in an important way on the action of certain antibiotics. The difference between Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial walls would be one of the responses to antibiotic resistance between two bacteria [ 14 ]. Bacterial resistance is best evidenced in environmental bacteria in the last few years.…”

“…In traditional medicine, plant essential oils are known as a rich source of secondary metabolites with relevant biological activities, as an alternative in antiparasitic therapy [ 27 , 28 ]. The trypanocidal activity of essential oils of Aniba genus was described in the literature [ 14 , 29 ]. Currently, the drugs available for the treatment of Chagas disease are benznidazole and nifurtimox, which have limited efficacy, serious adverse effects and have been in use since the late 1960s [ 30 ].…”

“…In the present study, A. rosaeodora essential oil showed activity against epimastigote forms. Literature data showed anti- T. cruzi activity in vitro in extracts and substances of different species of the Aniba genus of plants collected in the Amazon [ 29 ], with promising antileishmanial activity [ 14 ]. To understand whether linalool is responsible for the inhibitory activity, an analysis of linalool against epimastigote was performed.…”

“…As in our study, A. rosaeodora essential oil and linalool not exhibited cytotoxicity against peritoneal macrophages in the concentration range under analysis. As a result, linalool showed a select activity to the parasites when compared to mammalian cells [ 14 ].…”