Antimicrobial susceptibilities of canine Clostridium difficile and Clostridium perfringens isolates to commonly utilized antimicrobial drugs

Marks, Stanley L.; Kather, Elizabeth J.

doi:10.1016/s0378-1135(03)00061-0

Cited by 59 publications

(48 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…These results are similar to previous studies for several domestic animal species (BÅVERUD et al, 2003;MARKS & KATHER, 2003;POST & SONGER, 2004;FRY et al, 2012). Currently, metronidazoleresistant strains have only been isolated from horses in the USA (JANG et al, 1997;MAGDESIAN et al, 2006).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

“…The C. diffi cile strains assessed were susceptible to metronidazole and vancomycin, which are the antimicrobials commonly used to treat CDI in humans, horses and dogs (BÅVERUD, 2002;MARKS & KATHER, 2003;BÅVERUD, 2004;SPIGAGLIA et al, 2011;SILVA et al, 2013c). These results are similar to previous studies for several domestic animal species (BÅVERUD et al, 2003;MARKS & KATHER, 2003;POST & SONGER, 2004;FRY et al, 2012).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 82%

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Antimicrobial susceptibility of Clostridium difficile isolated from animals and humans in Brazil

et al. 2014

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 82%

Antimicrobial susceptibility of Clostridium difficile isolated from animals and humans in Brazil

et al. 2014

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“…These results are similar to previous studies in various species (MARKS; KATHER, 2003;BÅVERUD et al, 2003;SPIGAGLIA;BARBANTI;MASTRANTONIO, 2011), and at present, metronidazole-resistant isolates have been found only in humans and horses (JANG et al, 1997;MAGDESIAN, et al 2006). Likewise, all C. difficile isolates were also susceptible to oxytetracycline and florfenicol.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 91%

An outbreak of Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea in piglets in Brazil

et al. 2013

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In spite of the substantial role of Clostridium difficile in causing diarrhea in piglets, there have been few reports of the disease caused by this bacterium in Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. In this paper, we describe an outbreak of C. difficile-associated diarrhea in a pig farm in Brazil. The diarrhea rate increased in piglets 1-to-7 days old from an average of 2% to approximately 20%. Necropsied piglets showed mesocolon edema, and in a histological evaluation, severe necrotizing neutrophilic colitis was observed. The intestinal contents were positive for the A/B toxins of C. difficile and negative for other tested enteropathogens. The association between the clinical signs, post mortem findings and laboratory exams confirmed the diagnosis of C. difficile-associated diarrhea. The present report confirms C. difficile as a pathogen in swine in Brazil and highlights the need for up to date routine laboratory protocols for the diagnosis of this disease in swine. Key words: Neonatal diarrhea, colitis, enteritis ResumoApesar da crescente importância de Clostridium difficile como causador de diarréia em leitões, são escassos os estudos e relatos da doença no Brasil. O objetivo do presente trabalho é descrever um surto de diarréia por C. difficile em uma granja localizada no Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil. A frequência de diarréia em leitões com até 7 dias de vida aumentou de uma média de 2% para aproximadamente 20%. Leitões necropsiados apresentavam edema de mesocólon e, na avaliação histopatológica, uma colite neutrofílica necrotizante severa foi observada. O conteúdo intestinal foi positivo para as toxinas A e B e negativo para outros patógenos pesquisados. A associação dos sinais clínicos, achados post mortem e resultados dos exames laboratoriais permite confirmar o diagnóstico de diarréia por C. difficile. O presente relato confirma C. difficile como um patógeno de suínos no Brasil e destaca a necessidade de inclusão desse enteropatógeno no diagnóstico laboratorial para as diarréias em leitões.

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“…In addition, MIC values of less than 0.5 µg/ml were reported in most pathogenic bacteria (Priebe and Schwarz 2003). On the other hand, the MIC of tylosin against S. intermedius and S. aureus was 0.5 µg/ml, while values of below 2 µg/ml MIC were reported in canines for Clostridium difficile and Clostridium perfringens (Marks and Kather 2003). In determining the optimal dosage, we took into account previous reports and current data regarding MICs and pharmacokinetic parameters of florfenicol and tylosin.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pharmacokinetic parameters and optimal dosage of a florfenicol and tylosin mixture in beagle dogs

Mechesso¹,

Lee²,

Park³

et al. 2018

Vet. Med. - Czech

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ABSTRACT:The aims of this study were to evaluate the in vitro antibacterial activity of a florfenicol and tylosin mixture and to determine the pharmacokinetic parameters of each drug following administration of the 2 : 1 florfenicol and tylosin mixture in beagle dogs. The antibacterial activity of the two antibiotics, both singly and as a mixture, was investigated in bacteria isolated from 119 beagle dogs. Minimum inhibitory concentrations were determined using the broth dilution method, whereas the checkerboard assay was used to evaluate the antibacterial effects of the combination of florfenicol and tylosin. The pharmacokinetic parameters of the two antibiotics were determined following administration of the mixture in beagle dogs. Serum concentrations of both drugs were analysed using high-performance liquid chromatography. Pharmacokinetics parameters such as area under the concentration-time curve, absolute bioavailability and systemic clearance were determined using noncompartmental analysis. The results showed that tylosin and florfenicol exerted varying degrees of antibacterial activity against the tested isolates. The combination of florfenicol and tylosin produced a synergistic and additive antibacterial effect. Analysis of the serum samples revealed a rapid and almost complete absorption of florfenicol and tylosin with mean bioavailabilities of 92.7% and 106.1%, respectively. The times needed to reach maximum concentration for florfenicol and tylosin were 1.5 and 3 h, respectively. Moreover, intramuscular injection of the mixture to beagle dogs resulted in serum concentrations that were higher than the corresponding minimum inhibitory concentrations in beagle dogs. This is the first study to report optimisation of florfenicol and tylosin doses following administration of a combination of the two drugs to beagle dogs.

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Antimicrobial susceptibilities of canine Clostridium difficile and Clostridium perfringens isolates to commonly utilized antimicrobial drugs

Cited by 59 publications

References 16 publications

Antimicrobial susceptibility of Clostridium difficile isolated from animals and humans in Brazil

Antimicrobial susceptibility of Clostridium difficile isolated from animals and humans in Brazil

An outbreak of Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea in piglets in Brazil

Pharmacokinetic parameters and optimal dosage of a florfenicol and tylosin mixture in beagle dogs

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